Nokea
An older adult client, who leads a sedentary lifestyle, and a younger client, who has a very stressful and active lifestyle, require a vaccine against a particular viral disorder. The nurse knows that in one of these clients, the vaccine will be less effective. In which client is the vaccine more likely to be less effective and why?
- A. The older client because of age
- B. The older client because of lifestyle
- C. The younger client because of age
- D. The younger client because of lifestyle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vaccines are less effective in an older adult than in a younger adult because the activity of the immune system declines with the aging process. The lifestyle of the client does not have great implications on the effectiveness of a vaccine.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is obtaining medication history information from a client with Crohn's disease. What medication would the nurse include when asking what medications the client has taken for suppression of the inflammatory and immune response?
- A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
- B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I)
- C. Diuretics
- D. Corticosteroids
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse obtains a history of immunizations, recent and past infectious diseases, and recent exposure to infectious diseases. The nurse reviews the client's drug history because certain drugs, such as corticosteroids, suppress the inflammatory and immune responses. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication does not suppress the inflammatory and immune responses of Crohn's disease. An ACE-I prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and does not suppress the inflammatory or immune response. Diuretics also do not suppress the immune response but help reduce excess fluid from the kidneys.
A client who is a teenager has been brought to the clinic by the parent and is suspected of having an immune system disorder. What tests would the nurse expect to be ordered for this young client?
- A. Cerebral spinal fluids aspiration
- B. Sedimentary rate
- C. Complete blood count with differential
- D. Complete chemistry panel
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Laboratory tests are used to identify immune system disorders. They usually include a complete blood count with differential. Protein electrophoresis screens for diseases associated with a deficiency or excess of immunoglobulins. T-cell and B-cell assays (or counts) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay may be performed. The other options are not diagnostic of immune disorders.
The nursing students are learning about the immune system in their anatomy and physiology class. What would these students learn is a component of the immune system?
- A. Stem cells
- B. Cytokines
- C. Lymphoid tissues
- D. Red blood cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The immune system actually is a collection of specialized white blood cells and lymphoid tissues that cooperate to protect a person from external invaders and the body's own altered cells. The function of these structures is assisted and supported by the activities of natural killer cells, antibodies, and nonantibody proteins such as cytokines and the complement system. Red blood cells and stem cells are not part of the immune system.
The nurse is beginning the physical examination of a client who has reported fatigue. What documentation will the nurse provide to describe this general appraisal of the client's health?
- A. The client appears mildly ill, listless, and disheveled.
- B. The client has a blood pressure of 120/72 mm Hg.
- C. The client is alert and oriented to all spheres.
- D. The client has palpable peripheral pulses in the upper extremities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The beginning of the physical examination is a general appraisal of the client's health. The nurse notes whether the client appears healthy, acutely or mildly ill, malnourished, extremely tired, or listless. The next thing the nurse will do is obtain vital signs and then perform a more comprehensive examination.
The anatomy and physiology instructor is explaining a cell-mediated response to the pre-nursing students. What actions would the instructor explain occur in a cell-mediated response?
- A. Toxins of invading antigens are neutralized.
- B. The invading antigens link together (agglutination).
- C. The invading antigens precipitate.
- D. T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body and attack the invading antigens.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During a cell-mediated response, T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body, actively analyze the surface features, and respond to those that differ from the host by directly attacking the invading antigen. For example, a cell-mediated response occurs when an organ is transplanted. Immunoglobulins hinder the antigens physically by neutralizing their toxins through agglutination or by causing them to precipitate.