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An oncology patient will begin a course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for the treatment of bone metastases. What is one means by which malignant disease processes transfer cells from one place to another?
- A. Adhering to primary tumor cells
- B. Inducing mutation of cells of another organ
- C. Phagocytizing healthy cells
- D. Invading healthy host tissues
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Malignant disease processes transfer cells from one place to another primarily through the invasion of healthy host tissues. Cancer cells have the ability to break away from the primary tumor site and invade nearby healthy tissues. Once invasive cancer cells find their way into blood vessels or lymphatics, they can be carried to distant sites in the body where they can form new tumors, establish metastases, and spread the disease. This invasive property of cancer cells underlies the ability of cancer to spread throughout the body, a process known as metastasis. Commanding the cells to appear to adhere to primary tumor cells, inducing mutation of cells of another organ, or phagocytizing healthy cells are not mechanisms by which malignant disease processes transfer cells from one place to another.
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A patient is on a full liquid diet. Which food item choice by the patient will cause the nurse to intervene?
- A. Custard
- B. Frozen yogurt
- C. Pureed vegetables
- D. Mashed potatoes and gravy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mashed potatoes and gravy are not appropriate for a full liquid diet. A full liquid diet consists of foods that are liquid at room temperature or melt into liquid form at body temperature. Mashed potatoes and gravy are not in liquid form and therefore should not be consumed by a patient following a full liquid diet. The nurse should intervene and provide education about the correct food choices allowed on a full liquid diet, such as custard, frozen yogurt, and pureed vegetables.
A nurse is assessing a patient with an acoustic neuroma who has been recently admitted to an oncology unit. What symptoms is the nurse likely to find during the initial assessment?
- A. Loss of hearing, tinnitus, and vertigo
- B. Loss of vision, change in mental status, and hyperthermia
- C. Loss of hearing, increased sodium retention, and hypertension
- D. Loss of vision, headache, and tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A nurse assessing a patient with an acoustic neuroma would likely find symptoms such as loss of hearing, tinnitus, and vertigo. Acoustic neuroma, also known as vestibular schwannoma, is a noncancerous tumor that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve, which carries sound and balance signals from the inner ear to the brain. The most common symptoms of an acoustic neuroma include progressive hearing loss, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and dizziness or imbalance (vertigo). Therefore, option A is the most appropriate choice for the symptoms that the nurse is likely to find in a patient with an acoustic neuroma.
A nurse is teaching a patient about the largeintestine in elimination. In which order will the nurse list the structures, starting with the first portion?
- A. Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, and rectum
- B. Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, and cecum
- C. Cecum, sigmoid, ascending, transverse, descending, and rectum
- D. Ascending, transverse, descending, rectum, sigmoid, and cecum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The order in which the structures of the large intestine are listed starting with the first portion is as follows: cecum (the pouch where the large intestine begins), ascending colon (runs vertically up the right side of the abdomen), transverse colon (crosses horizontally from the right side of the abdomen to the left), descending colon (descends vertically down the left side of the abdomen), sigmoid colon (the S-shaped curve that leads into the rectum), and rectum (the final portion where feces are stored before being eliminated from the body). Therefore, option A provides the correct order of structures in the large intestine during elimination.
A patient with trichomoniasis comes to the walk-in clinic. In developing a care plan for this patient the nurse would know to include what as an important aspect of treating this patient?
- A. Both partners will be treated with metronidazole (Flagyl).
- B. Constipation and menstrual difficulties may occur.
- C. The patient should perform Kegel exercises 30 to 80 times daily.
- D. Care will involve hormone therapy to control the pain. .
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It is important to treat both partners simultaneously to prevent reinfection. Metronidazole (Flagyl) is the first-line treatment for trichomoniasis and is effective in eradicating the parasite. Treating both partners ensures that the infection is fully eliminated and reduces the risk of transmission back and forth between partners. It is crucial for the nurse to include this aspect in the care plan to achieve successful treatment outcomes for the patient and their partner.
The nurse is planning the care of a patient who is adapting to the use of a hearing aid for the first time. What is the most significant challenge experienced by a patient with hearing loss who is adapting to using a hearing aid for the first time?
- A. Regulating the tone and volume
- B. Learning to cope with amplification of background noise
- C. Constant irritation of the external auditory canal
- D. Challenges in keeping the hearing aid clean while minimizing exposure to moisture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One of the most significant challenges experienced by patients with hearing loss who are adapting to using a hearing aid for the first time is learning to cope with the amplification of background noise. When a person starts using a hearing aid after experiencing hearing loss, they may find that the device picks up not only the sounds they want to hear but also surrounding noises, such as background chatter, traffic noise, or ambient sounds. This sudden increase in volume and clarity of background noise can be overwhelming and challenging for the individual to adjust to. It can affect their ability to focus on conversations or specific sounds they are trying to hear, leading to frustration and potentially causing them to avoid using the hearing aid altogether. Supporting the patient in gradually acclimating to these new sounds and providing strategies for managing background noise can help improve their overall experience with the hearing aid.