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Anti-infective prophylaxis is indicated for a pregnant patient with a history of mitral valve stenosis related to rheumatic heart disease because the patient is at risk of developing
- A. hypertension.
- B. postpartum infection.
- C. bacterial endocarditis.
- D. upper respiratory infections.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: bacterial endocarditis. Mitral valve stenosis increases the risk of bacterial endocarditis due to turbulent blood flow and potential damage to the heart valve. Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended before certain procedures to prevent bacterial endocarditis in patients with underlying cardiac conditions.
Choice A, hypertension, is incorrect as mitral valve stenosis does not directly increase the risk of developing hypertension. Choice B, postpartum infection, is not directly related to the risk associated with mitral valve stenosis. Choice D, upper respiratory infections, is not a specific risk associated with mitral valve stenosis in pregnant patients.
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The nurse is reviewing the instructions given to a patient at 24 weeks’ gestation for a glucose challenge test (GCT). The nurse determines that the patient understands the teaching when she makes which statement?
- A. “I have to fast the night before the test.”
- B. “I will drink a sugary solution containing 100 g of glucose.”
- C. “I will have blood drawn at 1 hour after I drink the glucose solution.”
- D. “I should keep track of my baby’s movements between now and the test.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: “I will have blood drawn at 1 hour after I drink the glucose solution.” This statement demonstrates understanding of the GCT procedure. The glucose challenge test involves drinking a sugary solution, followed by blood drawn 1 hour later to measure blood glucose levels. This timing is crucial for assessing the body's ability to metabolize glucose, which helps in diagnosing gestational diabetes.
Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
A: “I have to fast the night before the test.” - This is incorrect as fasting is not required for the GCT.
B: “I will drink a sugary solution containing 100 g of glucose.” - This is incorrect as the GCT typically involves drinking a solution with a standardized amount of glucose, usually 50 g, not 100 g.
D: “I should keep track of my baby’s movements between now and the test.” - This is unrelated to the GCT procedure and does not demonstrate understanding of the
A nurse wants to find the daily weights of apatient. Which form will the nurse use?
- A. Database
- B. Progress notes
- C. Patient care summary
- D. Graphic record and flow sheet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Graphic record and flow sheet. The nurse will use a graphic record and flow sheet to document the patient's daily weights. This form allows for easy tracking and visualization of weight trends over time. Database (A) is used for storing large amounts of data but not ideal for daily weight tracking. Progress notes (B) are for narrative descriptions of patient care, not specific for daily weights. Patient care summary (C) provides an overview of the patient's care plan, not detailed daily weights.
A woman aged 48 years comes to the clinic because she has discovered a lump in her breast. After diagnostic testing, the woman receives a diagnosis of breast cancer. The woman asks the nurse when her teenage daughters should begin mammography. What is the nurses best advice?
- A. Age 28
- B. Age 35
- C. Age 38
- D. Age 48
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Age 48. This recommendation aligns with the current guidelines from major health organizations, such as the American Cancer Society, which suggest that women at average risk should start regular mammograms at age 45 to 54. Screening before age 45 may lead to unnecessary procedures due to false positives. Beginning at age 48 allows for early detection without subjecting the daughters to unnecessary testing at a younger age. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they suggest starting mammography at younger ages than recommended, which can increase the likelihood of false positives and unnecessary interventions.
A nurse wants to present information about fluimmunizations to the older adults in the community. Which type of communication should the nurse use?
- A. Public
- B. Small group
- C. Interpersonal
- D. Intrapersonal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Small group. When presenting information about flu immunizations to older adults in the community, using small group communication is most effective. In small group settings, the nurse can engage with the audience, encourage discussions, answer questions, and address individual concerns. This approach allows for personalized interaction, fosters trust, and facilitates better understanding and retention of information. Public communication (choice A) may not provide the same level of individualized attention. Interpersonal communication (choice C) typically refers to one-on-one interactions, which may not reach a larger audience efficiently. Intrapersonal communication (choice D) involves self-reflection and is not suitable for disseminating information to a group.
A nurse is planning the postoperative care of a patient who is scheduled for radical prostatectomy. What intraoperative position will place the patient at particular risk for the development of deep vein thrombosis postoperatively?
- A. Fowlers position
- B. Prone position
- C. Supine position
- D. Lithotomy position
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lithotomy position. In lithotomy position, the patient's legs are elevated and positioned higher than the heart, which can lead to venous stasis and increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This position compresses the femoral veins, hindering blood flow and predisposing the patient to DVT formation.
Summary:
A: Fowlers position - Not typically associated with increased DVT risk.
B: Prone position - Not typically associated with increased DVT risk.
C: Supine position - Generally considered a safe position regarding DVT risk.