Nokea
Application of force to another person without lawful justification is
- A. Battery
- B. Negligence
- C. Tort
- D. Crime
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Battery is the intentional, unconsented physical contact, like striking a patient, a civil tort with legal repercussions. Negligence is unintentional harm, tort is a broader category, and crime involves criminal law. Nurses avoid battery by obtaining consent, respecting autonomy, as violations breach ethical and legal standards, risking lawsuits or discipline.
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The nurse must verify the client's identity before administration of medication. Which of the following is the safest way to identify the client?
- A. Ask the client his name
- B. Check the client's identification band
- C. State the client's name aloud and have the client repeat it
- D. Check the room number
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ID band is the most reliable method, ensuring accuracy even if the client is confused.
The coronary vessels, unlike any other blood vessels in the body, respond to sympathetic stimulation by
- A. Vasoconstriction
- B. Vasodilatation
- C. Decreases force of contractility
- D. Decreases cardiac output
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The coronary vessels are unique because they respond to sympathetic stimulation with vasodilatation, unlike most other blood vessels which constrict. Sympathetic stimulation activates the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and oxygen demand. To meet this demand, the coronary arteries dilate to supply more blood to the heart muscle. Vasoconstriction (A) is incorrect as it would reduce blood flow, countering the heart's needs during stress. Decreases in force of contractility (C) or cardiac output (D) are unrelated to the vascular response and pertain more to myocardial function, not the coronary vessels' behavior. This vasodilatation is mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors, ensuring adequate perfusion during heightened activity, making B the correct choice.
Which of the following statement is TRUE about tertiary care?
- A. Provided by general practitioners
- B. Focuses on health promotion
- C. Highly specialized care
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary care is highly specialized (C), per system e.g., surgery, rehab. Not by GPs (A), not promotion (B), not all (D) advanced focus. C truly defines tertiary's complexity, making it correct.
The physician orders a platelet count to be performed on Mrs. Smith after breakfast. The nurse is responsible for:
- A. Instructing the patient about this diagnostic test
- B. Writing the order for this test
- C. Giving the patient breakfast
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse ensures the patient eats, while the physician handles test orders and instructions.
The nurse questions a doctors order of Morphine sulfate 50 mg, IM for a client with pancreatitis. Which role best fit that statement?
- A. Change agent
- B. Client advocate
- C. Case manager
- D. Collaborator
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Questioning an inappropriate order like morphine for pancreatitis, which worsens sphincter of Oddi spasm reflects the client advocate role. Nurses protect patient rights and safety by challenging harmful directives, ensuring optimal care (e.g., suggesting alternatives like meperidine). This differs from change agent (lifestyle shifts), case manager (coordination), or collaborator (teamwork), emphasizing advocacy's focus on patient well-being, a core ethical duty in nursing.