Pediatric NCLEX Questions

Pediatric NCLEX Questions Related

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Appropriate intervention is vital for many children with heart disease in order to go on to live active, full lives. Which of the following outlines an effective nursing intervention to decrease cardiac demands and minimize cardiac workload?

  • A. Feeding the infant over long periods
  • B. Allowing the infant to have her way to avoid conflict
  • C. Scheduling care to provide for uninterrupted rest periods
  • D. Developing and implementing a consistent care plan
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate intervention to decrease cardiac demands and minimize cardiac workload in children with heart disease is to schedule care to provide uninterrupted rest periods. By allowing the child to rest without interruptions, their heart will not have to work as hard, promoting better overall cardiac function. This intervention focuses on promoting rest and recovery, which is crucial for children with heart disease to maintain optimal cardiac health. Feeding the infant over long periods may not necessarily decrease cardiac demands, and allowing the infant to have her way to avoid conflict is not related to cardiac workload. Developing and implementing a consistent care plan is important but may not directly decrease cardiac demands as effectively as scheduling care for uninterrupted rest periods.

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A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is prescribed zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT [retrovir]), 200mg PO every 4 hours. When teaching the client about this drug, the nurse should provide which instruction?

  • A. "Take zidovudine with meals."
  • B. "Take zidovudine on an empty stomach."
  • C. "Take zidovudine every 4 hours around the clock."
  • D. "Take over-the-counter(OTC) drugs to treat minor adverse reactions."
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Zidovudine (AZT) is an antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV infection, including in AIDS patients. It is important to follow the prescribed dosing schedule to maintain consistent drug levels in the body and effectively control the HIV virus. Taking zidovudine every 4 hours around the clock helps ensure the medication's therapeutic effects are maintained throughout the day. It is crucial for the client to adhere to the prescribed dosing regimen to prevent the development of drug resistance and to achieve the best treatment outcomes. Taking zidovudine with meals, on an empty stomach, or taking over-the-counter drugs for minor adverse reactions are not the correct instructions related to the dosing schedule of zidovudine.

which of the following is true concerning rheumatic fever?

  • A. it is usually associated with glomerulonephritis
  • B. symptoms disappear shortly after the fever abate and the temperature returns to normal
  • C. the child should resume normal activities as soon as she feels well
  • D. it usually follows a streptococcal infection
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of inadequately treated streptococcal infections, especially streptococcal throat infections caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. The bacteria trigger an abnormal immune response in susceptible individuals, leading to the development of rheumatic fever. The other choices are not accurate. Glomerulonephritis is a separate condition associated with certain types of streptococcal infections but not with rheumatic fever. Symptoms of rheumatic fever can persist even after the fever has subsided, and it is important for children with rheumatic fever to follow proper treatment and rest guidelines as advised by healthcare providers. It is crucial for individuals with rheumatic fever to avoid activities that could strain the heart until the condition has been properly managed.

When teaching a client about insulin therapy, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid which over-the- counter preparation that can interact with insulin?

  • A. Antacids
  • B. Vitamins with irons
  • C. Acetaminophen preparations
  • D. Salicylate preparations
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Salicylates, such as aspirin, can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of insulin. They can increase insulin sensitivity and potentially lead to low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). Therefore, clients using insulin should avoid over-the-counter salicylate preparations to prevent this interaction and the risk of hypoglycemia. It is important for clients to always consult healthcare professionals before taking any new medications or over-the-counter preparations when using insulin therapy.

A one-month-old patient, who has developmental dysplasia of the hip, is placed in a hip spica cast. The patient's mother expresses the desire to continue breastfeeding. What is the pediatric nurse's best response?

  • A. After breastfeeding, hold your baby upright for 45 minutes.
  • B. Due to the weight of the cast, breastfeeding is not encouraged. I recommend that you bottle-feed.
  • C. Breastfeeding can continue without significant changes; ensure proper positioning to accommodate the cast.
  • D. none of the above.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Breastfeeding can continue even with a hip spica cast, but proper positioning is essential to ensure comfort for both the infant and the mother.

24 hours after undergoing kidney transplantation, a client develops a hyperacute rejection. To correct this problem, the nurse should prepare the client for:

  • A. Removal of the transplanted kidney
  • B. High-dose IV cyclosporine (Sandimmune) therapy
  • C. Bone marrow transplant
  • D. Intra-abdominal instillation of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hyperacute rejection occurs immediately after transplantation, within minutes to up to 24 hours. It is a rapid and severe rejection reaction that is usually irreversible. It occurs due to pre-existing antibodies against the donor organ. In hyperacute rejection, the transplanted kidney must be removed to prevent further complications and ensure the safety of the patient. Treatment with immunosuppressive medications like cyclosporine or corticosteroids is not effective in this situation. Bone marrow transplant is not indicated in the treatment of hyperacute rejection.

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