Nokea
Arsenic and silicon are examples of ___________.
- A. metals
- B. nonmetals
- C. metalloids
- D. heavy metals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Arsenic and silicon are both examples of metalloids. Metalloids have properties that lie between those of metals and nonmetals. They exhibit characteristics of both groups, making them versatile elements with various applications in different industries. Choice A (metals) is incorrect as arsenic and silicon do not exhibit typical metallic properties. Choice B (nonmetals) is incorrect as they do not possess all the properties of nonmetals. Choice D (heavy metals) is incorrect as heavy metals refer to a different group of elements with high atomic weights, and arsenic and silicon are not categorized as heavy metals.
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What is the oxidation state of the potassium ion in the compound KCl?
- A. +1
- B. -1
- C. +2
- D. -2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the compound KCl (potassium chloride), potassium is in Group 1 of the periodic table, which means it has a valence electron of 1. Chlorine is in Group 17 and gains one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration by forming an ionic bond with potassium. As a result, the potassium ion in KCl has a +1 oxidation state. Therefore, the correct answer is +1. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the oxidation state of the potassium ion in KCl.
What happens in a single displacement reaction?
- A. A compound decomposes into two substances.
- B. An active element displaces a less active element.
- C. A precipitate solid forms from the reaction of two solutions.
- D. The oxidation states of atoms in the reactants change.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a single displacement reaction, an active element displaces a less active element in a compound. This process involves one element replacing another in a compound, resulting in the formation of a new compound. Option A is incorrect because a single displacement reaction does not involve the decomposition of a compound into two substances. Option C is incorrect because it describes a precipitation reaction, not a single displacement reaction. Option D is incorrect because it describes oxidation-reduction reactions, not specifically single displacement reactions.
Which substance forms hydroxide ions when placed in water?
- A. Lemon juice
- B. Battery acid
- C. Vinegar
- D. Lye
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, lye. Lye, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is a strong base that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) when placed in water. When lye dissolves in water, it dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions, making it an alkaline substance. Lemon juice, battery acid, and vinegar do not form hydroxide ions when placed in water. Lemon juice contains citric acid, battery acid contains sulfuric acid, and vinegar contains acetic acid, none of which produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
On the periodic table, families of elements with similar properties appear in the same _________.
- A. row
- B. principal energy level
- C. period
- D. column
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Families of elements with similar properties appear in the same column on the periodic table. Columns are also known as groups, and elements within the same group have similar chemical and physical properties due to their identical number of valence electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is 'column.'
Choice A, 'row,' is incorrect because rows on the periodic table are called periods, not families or groups of elements.
Choice B, 'principal energy level,' is incorrect as it refers to the energy levels of electrons around the nucleus of an atom, not the arrangement of elements with similar properties on the periodic table.
Choice C, 'period,' is incorrect as periods represent horizontal rows on the periodic table, where elements do not necessarily have similar properties compared to elements in the same column.
Which one is not a hydrocarbon?
- A. Methane (CH4)
- B. Pyridine (C5H5N)
- C. Ethane (C2H6)
- D. Propane (C3H8)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Pyridine (C5H5N). Pyridine is not a hydrocarbon because it contains nitrogen (N) in its molecular structure, in addition to carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms. Hydrocarbons consist solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and propane (C3H8) are all examples of hydrocarbons as they only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms, making them organic compounds known for their combustion properties.