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As part of a community program on crisis prevention, a nurse is describing the phases of crisis. Which of the following would the nurse identify as occurring first?
- A. Problem stimulating usual problem solving
- B. Trial and error attempts to alleviate problem
- C. Automatic relief behaviors take over
- D. Serious personality disorganization
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first phase of a crisis involves the individual attempting to use usual problem-solving methods to address the stressor. If ineffective, it progresses to trial-and-error (B), relief behaviors (C), and potentially disorganization (D).
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A family has just lost their home in a fire. An on-call nurse from a community counseling center has been called in to the emergency department to help them with this traumatic event. Which of the following would the nurse identify as the priority for this family?
- A. Arranging for follow-up therapy to deal with the crisis
- B. Completing a family genogram to determine family patterns
- C. Assessing the impact of the loss on their lifestyle
- D. Arranging for emergency shelter and food supplies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The priority in a crisis is addressing immediate safety needs, such as shelter and food, per Maslow?s hierarchy. These basic needs must be met before addressing therapy (A), family patterns (B), or lifestyle impact (C), which are secondary concerns.
A nursing instructor who is lecturing to students about how to respond to individuals who are in the midst of a disaster. Which statement would be most appropriate to include about initial nursing interventions for such individuals?
- A. You should ask them to give you a brief medical history so their physical needs can be met.
- B. Focus on safety needs and provide simple, clear instructions to help them function effectively.
- C. Help them determine what their long-term goals will be so they can maintain a sense of hope.
- D. Try to redirect their attention away from the problems at hand so you can decrease their anxiety.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a disaster, initial interventions prioritize safety and clear communication to help individuals function despite stress. Medical history (A), long-term goals (C), or redirection (D) are less immediate and may not address acute needs effectively.
A 25-year-old legal secretary is seeking counseling because she recently lost her job unexpectedly. Which question would be most appropriate for the nurse to use in assessing the patient?s response to losing her job?
- A. What happened to cause you to lose your job?
- B. How did you feel immediately after being told you no longer had a job?
- C. How do you expect yourself to be able to handle this situation?
- D. How have you responded to previous stressful situations?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assessing the patient?s emotional response immediately after the job loss provides insight into the impact of the event and her coping mechanisms. Understanding her feelings helps evaluate the crisis?s severity. The other questions focus on causes, expectations, or past behavior, which are less directly tied to her current response.
A patient?s 5-year-old poodle ran in front of a car and was killed. The patient continues to be upset by her pet?s death, and she explains to a community counseling center nurse that she can?t stop crying because, 'My Precious meant the world to me, and now my world will never be the same!' If the nurse were to determine that the patient was experiencing a crisis, which of the following types of crisis would it most likely be?
- A. Maturational
- B. Situational
- C. Traumatic
- D. Developmental
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A situational crisis arises from an external event, such as the sudden loss of a pet. The patient?s intense grief and sense of a changed world suggest a situational crisis triggered by the pet?s death. Maturational and developmental crises relate to life transitions, and traumatic crises involve life-threatening events, which do not apply here.
A nurse is working as part of a community disaster response team. When responding to a community disaster, the nurse integrates understanding of individuals? responses, anticipating which of the following?
- A. People can become aggressive and violent when their basic needs are threatened.
- B. People involved in the disaster will always put the welfare of others before their own.
- C. Losses incurred during the disaster have little, if any, long-term effect on victims.
- D. The psychological distress associated with disasters is felt immediately.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disasters can threaten basic needs, leading to stress responses like aggression or violence. Altruism (B) is not universal, long-term effects are common (C), and psychological distress may be delayed (D), making A the most accurate anticipation.