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As part of the treatment for heart failure, the child takes the diuretic furosemide (Lasix). As part of teaching home care, the nurse encourages the family to give the child foods such as bananas, oranges, and leafy vegetables. These foods are recommended because they are high in which nutrient?
- A. Chlorides
- B. Potassium
- C. Sodium
- D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diuretics that work on the proximal and distal renal tubules contribute to increased losses of potassium. The child’s diet should be supplemented with this electrolyte. With this type of diuretic, potassium must be monitored and supplemented as needed.
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An older female client with long term type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is seen in the clinic for a routine health assessment. To determine if the client is experiencing any long-term complication of DM, which assessments should the nurse obtain?
- A. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- B. Sensation in feet and legs
- C. Skin condition of lower extremities
- D. Visual acuity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These assessments are crucial for detecting complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
Commonly used anti-epileptic drugs in children include:
- A. Sodium valproate
- B. Lamotrigine
- C. Topiramate
- D. Phenytoin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because sodium valproate is a commonly used anti-epileptic drug in children. The other options (b-e) are also used but are not the most common first-line treatment.
SA 14-14-2 Vaccine for Japanese encephalitis is
- A. Live attenuated
- B. Vero cell derived inactivated
- C. Mouse-brain derived inactivated
- D. Live recombinant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The SA 14-14-2 vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine used for Japanese encephalitis.
Which of the following is correct in breast milk jaundice?
- A. Peaks at first week of life
- B. Recurs with resumption of breast milk after trial stoppage
- C. Kernicterus can occur
- D. Seen in up to 10% of infants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast milk jaundice recurs when breastfeeding is resumed after a temporary stoppage.
A male client with a history of asthma reports having episodes of bronchoconstriction and increased mucous production while exercising. Which action should the nurse implement?
- A. Determine if the client is using an inhaler before exercising
- B. Advise the client to avoid all physical activity
- C. Encourage the client to increase fluid intake before exercise
- D. Recommend the client wear a mask while exercising
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using an inhaler before exercise can help manage asthma symptoms by preventing bronchoconstriction during physical activity.