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As part of the treatment for heart failure, the child takes the diuretic furosemide (Lasix). As part of teaching home care, the nurse encourages the family to give the child foods such as bananas, oranges, and leafy vegetables. These foods are recommended because they are high in which nutrient?
- A. Chlorides
- B. Potassium
- C. Sodium
- D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The diuretic furosemide (Lasix) can cause the loss of potassium in the body through increased urination. Potassium is an important mineral that helps maintain normal heart function. Therefore, it is essential to consume foods rich in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, and leafy vegetables, to prevent potassium deficiency (hypokalemia) and support heart health, especially in individuals taking diuretics for conditions like heart failure.
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Which of the following blood products is most likely to be given to Joel?
- A. Factor VIII concentrate
- B. Fresh frozen plasma
- C. Factor II, Vll, IX, X complex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Joel most likely requires Factor VIII concentrate. Factor VIII deficiency is characteristic of hemophilia A, which is a condition where there is a deficiency in clotting factor VIII. Treatment for hemophilia A involves replacing the missing Factor VIII through Factor VIII concentrate infusions to assist in blood clotting. Fresh frozen plasma and Factor II, VII, IX, X complex are not specific treatments for Factor VIII deficiency.
The MOST appropriate advice for a 4-year-old child visiting the outpatient department with excessive crying is
- A. reassures her that this is a normal phenomenon
- B. seek more history regarding other skills and developmental domains
- C. refer her to pediatric psychiatry
- D. investigate for child abuse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Further history may help differentiate normal behavior from developmental concerns.
The nurse teaches a diabetic client that diet plays a crucial role in managing diabetes mellitus. When evaluating dietary intake, the nurse knows the client is eating the right foods if total daily caloric intake consists of:
- A. 30% to 35% carbohydrate, 40% fat, and 25% to 30% protein
- B. 40% to 45% carbohydrate, 40% fat, and 15% to 20% protein
- C. 50% to 55% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 10% to 15% protein
- D. 55% to 60% carbohydrate, 30% fat and 10% to 15% protein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In managing diabetes mellitus, one of the key principles is proper macronutrient distribution in the diet. The recommended dietary intake for a diabetic client typically includes a moderate amount of carbohydrates (30% to 35% of total calories) in order to help control blood sugar levels. Including higher amounts of fat (around 40%) can be beneficial in managing this condition as well. Adequate protein intake (25% to 30%) is also important for overall health and satiety. This balanced macronutrient distribution helps in maintaining stable blood sugar levels throughout the day, supporting optimal diabetes management.
Incomplete development of teeth,bones, and ligaments is the result of:
- A. Congenital hip dysplasia
- B. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
- C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
- D. Osteomyelitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osteogenesis imperfecta, also known as brittle bone disease, is a genetic disorder that affects collagen production, leading to brittle and easily fractured bones. In addition to bone fragility, individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta may also experience teeth abnormalities such as dentinogenesis imperfecta (discolored and weakened teeth) and ligament laxity due to the improper development of connective tissues. This incomplete development of teeth, bones, and ligaments is a characteristic feature of osteogenesis imperfecta, making it the correct choice in this scenario. Congenital hip dysplasia, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, and osteomyelitis do not typically involve the same constellation of symptoms related to teeth, bones, and ligaments seen in osteogenesis imperfecta.
A client has been diagnosed with renal failure and is admitted for dialysis. Which of the ff is the nurse's responsibility as the client undergone dialysis?
- A. Keeping dialysis supplies in a clean area
- B. Inspecting the catheter insertion site for signs of infection
- C. Weighing the client before and after the procedure
- D. washing hands before and after handling the catheter
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's responsibility during dialysis includes weighing the client before and after the procedure. This is important to monitor the amount of fluid removed during dialysis and to ensure that the client's fluid balance is managed properly. It helps in determining the effectiveness of dialysis treatment in removing excess fluid from the body. Keeping the client's fluid balance in check is crucial in managing renal failure and preventing complications such as fluid overload. Therefore, monitoring the client's weight before and after dialysis is a key responsibility of the nurse in this situation.