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As the population of the United States ages, research has shown that this aging will occur across all racial and ethnic groups. A community health nurse is planning an initiative that will focus on the group in which the aging population is expected to rise the fastest. What group should the nurse identify?
- A. Asian-Americans
- B. White non-Hispanics
- C. Hispanics
- D. African-Americans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Although the older population will increase in number for all racial and ethnic groups, the rate of growth is projected to be fastest in the Hispanic population that is expected to increase from 6 million in 2004 to an estimated 17.5 million by 2050.
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A gerontologic nurse practitioner provides primary care for a large number of older adults who are living with various forms of cardiovascular disease. This nurse is well aware that heart disease is the leading cause of death in the aged. What is an age-related physiological change that contributes to this trend?
- A. Heart muscle and arteries lose their elasticity.
- B. Systolic blood pressure decreases.
- C. Resting heart rate decreases with age.
- D. Atrial-septal defects develop with age.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The leading cause of death for patients over the age of 65 years is cardiovascular disease. With age, heart muscle and arteries lose their elasticity, resulting in a reduced stroke volume. As a person ages, systolic blood pressure does not decrease, resting heart rate does not decrease, and the aged are not less likely to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
For several years, a community health nurse has been working with a 78-year-old man who requires a wheelchair for mobility. The nurse is aware that the interactions between disabilities and aging are not yet clearly understood. This interaction varies, depending on what variable?
- A. Socioeconomics
- B. Ethnicity
- C. Education
- D. Pharmacotherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Large gaps exist in our understanding of the interaction between disabilities and aging, including how this interaction varies, depending on the type and degree of disability, and other factors such as socioeconomics and gender. Ethnicity, education, and pharmacotherapy are not identified as salient influences on this interaction.
The nurse is providing patient teaching to a patient with early stage Alzheimers disease (AD) and her family. The patient has been prescribed donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept). What should the nurse explain to the patient and family about this drug?
- A. It slows the progression of AD.
- B. It cures AD in a small minority of patients.
- C. It removes the patients insight that he or she has AD.
- D. It limits the physical effects of AD and other dementias.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: There is no cure for AD, but several medications have been introduced to slow the progression of the disease, including donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept). These medications do not remove the patients insight or address physical symptoms of AD.
The home health nurse is making an initial home visit to a 76-year-old widower. The patient takes multiple medications for the treatment of varied chronic health problems. The patient states that he has also begun taking some herbal remedies. What should the nurse be sure to include in the patients teaching?
- A. Herbal remedies are consistent with holistic health care.
- B. Herbal remedies are often cheaper than prescribed medication.
- C. It is safest to avoid the use of herbal remedies.
- D. There is a need to inform his physician and pharmacist about the herbal remedies.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Herbal remedies combined with prescribed medications can lead to interactions that may be toxic. Patients should notify the physician and pharmacist of any herbal remedies they are using. Even though herbal remedies are considered holistic, this is not something that is necessary to include in the patients teaching. Herbal remedies may be cheaper than prescribed medicine, but this is still not something that is necessary to include in the patients teaching. For most people, it is not necessary to wholly avoid herbal remedies.
An elderly patient, while being seen in an urgent care facility for a possible respiratory infection, asks the nurse if Medicare is going to cover the cost of the visit. What information can the nurse give the patient to help allay her concerns?
- A. Medicare has a copayment for many of the services it covers. This requires the patient to pay a part of the bill.
- B. Medicare pays for 100% of the cost for acute-care services, so the cost of the visit will be covered.
- C. Medicare will only pay the cost for acute-care services if the patient has a very low income.
- D. Medicare will not pay for the cost of acute-care services so the patient will be billed for the services provided.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The two major programs that finance health in the United States are Medicare and Medicaid, both of which are overseen by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS). Both programs cover acute-care needs such as inpatient hospitalization, physician care, outpatient care, home health services, and skilled nursing care in a nursing. Medicare is a plan specifically for the elderly population, and Medicaid is a program that provides services based on income.