Nokea
Aspirin has been ordered for the child with rheumatic fever (RF) in order to:
- A. Keep the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open
- B. Reduce joint inflammation
- C. Decrease swelling of strawberry tongue
- D. Treat ventricular hypertrophy of endocarditis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin helps alleviate the joint inflammation and pain experienced in RF.
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The following syndromes are caused by chromosomal abnormalities:
- A. Cri-du-chat syndrome
- B. Kearns-Sayre syndrome
- C. Marfan's syndrome
- D. Turner's syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Turner's syndrome: Turner's syndrome is caused by a monosomy of the X chromosome, characterized by short stature, infertility, and heart defects.
The nurse is closely monitoring the intake and output of an infant with heart failure who is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse should use which most appropriate method to assess urine output?
- A. Inserting a foley catheter.
- B. Weighing the diapers.
- C. Comparing intake with output.
- D. Measuring the amount of water added to the formula.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weighing diapers is a non-invasive and accurate method to assess urine output in infants, which is crucial for monitoring the effectiveness of diuretic therapy.
Cristina, a mother of a 4-year-old child tells the nurse that her child is a very poor eater. What’s the nurse’s best recommendation for helping the mother increase her child’s nutritional intake?
- A. Allow the child to feed herself
- B. Use specially designed dishes for children – for example, a plate with the child’s favorite cartoon character
- C. Only serve the child’s favorite foods
- D. Allow the child to eat at a small table and chair by herself
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Allowing the child to feed herself promotes independence and may increase interest in eating.
Commonly used anti-epileptic drugs in children include:
- A. Sodium valproate
- B. Lamotrigine
- C. Topiramate
- D. Phenytoin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because sodium valproate is a commonly used anti-epileptic drug in children. The other options (b-e) are also used but are not the most common first-line treatment.
Down syndrome and VSD
- A. Doesn't close spontaneously as in children without downs
- B. Inaudible murmur is a characteristic feature / Murmur is not audible
- C. Pulmonary Hypertension is a late complication
- D. If no murmur, condition need not be investigated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary hypertension is a known late complication in Down syndrome with VSD.