Nokea
At birth, tunica intima of arterial wall contains all of the following, except
- A. Type IV collagen
- B. Laminin
- C. Endothelial cells
- D. Smooth muscle cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smooth muscle cells are not typically found in the tunica intima at birth.
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A 6-month-old infant is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse should notify the practitioner and withhold the medication if the apical pulse is less than _______ beats/min.
- A. 60
- B. 70
- C. 90 to 110
- D. 110 to 120
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If the 1-minute apical pulse is below 90 to 110 beats/min, the digoxin should not be given to a 6-month-old. Sixty beats/min is the cut-off for holding the digoxin dose in an adult; 70 beats/min is the determining heart rate to hold a dose of digoxin for an older child; 110 to 120 beats/min is an acceptable heart rate to administer digoxin to a 6-month-old.
Common reasons for doing a BMT in children are:
- A. SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)
- B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- C. CML
- D. Gaucher's disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because SCID is a primary indication for bone marrow transplant (BMT) in children. The other options (b-e) are also indications but less common.
Which among the following is not a feature of low flow - low gradient severe aortic stenosis with preserved left ventricular function?
- A. Mean trans aortic pressure gradient < 40 mm Hg
- B. Aortic valve area < 1 cm²
- C. Stroke volume > 35 ml/m²
- D. Left ventricular ejection fraction > 50%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stroke volume is typically reduced, not increased, in low flow - low gradient severe aortic stenosis.
BP screenings to detect end-organ damage should be done routinely beginning at what age?
- A. Birth
- B. 3 years
- C. 8 years
- D. 13 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The recommended age to establish a baseline blood pressure in a healthy child is around 3 years.
Phenytoin is used for treatment of
- A. supraventricular tachycardia
- B. digitalis intoxication
- C. atrial fibrillation
- D. ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenytoin is used specifically for digitalis-induced arrhythmias.