Nokea
At which of the following ages would ossification most likely take place to replace cartilage at the growth plate?
- A. 5
- B. 18
- C. 42
- D. 91
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ossification, the process where cartilage is replaced by bone, typically occurs during adolescence, around the age of 18. This is when the growth plates in the bones close, and the bones stop growing in length, leading to the replacement of cartilage with bone tissue. Choice A (5) is incorrect because ossification primarily occurs during adolescence, not early childhood. Choice C (42) is incorrect as ossification is completed well before this age, usually during the late teens or early twenties. Choice D (91) is incorrect as ossification is a process that occurs earlier in life, typically during adolescence, and is not a process that occurs in advanced age.
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A physician prescribes a drug to help control a person's anxiety attacks. This drug most likely targets the
- A. Amygdala.
- B. Parietal lobe.
- C. Hypothalamus.
- D. Sensory neuron.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amygdala. The amygdala is a key brain structure involved in the processing of emotions, including anxiety. Medications for anxiety disorders often target the amygdala to help regulate emotional responses and control anxiety attacks. The amygdala plays a crucial role in the brain's fear circuit and is essential for the appropriate response to stress and threat perception. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the parietal lobe is primarily involved in sensory processing and spatial reasoning, the hypothalamus regulates basic functions like hunger, thirst, and body temperature, and sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system, none of which are directly related to the regulation of anxiety attacks.
What is the most basic unit of structure in living things?
- A. Cell
- B. Organelle
- C. Oxygen
- D. Pigment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cell is indeed the most basic unit of life, forming the foundation of all living organisms. Cells are the building blocks of all living things, containing organelles that perform specific functions. While oxygen is essential for life, it is not a structural unit. Similarly, pigment is a component found within cells but is not the fundamental unit of structure. Therefore, the correct answer is 'A: Cell.'
In a study where fish are fed different amounts of food daily for four weeks in separate tanks, with fish weight measured weekly, what is the dependent variable?
- A. Weight of the fish
- B. Type of food used
- C. Number of fish tanks
- D. Frequency of feedings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The weight of the fish is the dependent variable in this study because it is the outcome being measured in response to the varying feeding amounts. The weight of the fish changes based on the feeding regimen, making it the dependent variable. The type of food used (choice B), number of fish tanks (choice C), and frequency of feedings (choice D) are not the dependent variables in this study. These factors may be independent variables that are manipulated or controlled in the experiment to observe their impact on the dependent variable, which is the weight of the fish.
How does the respiratory system facilitate gas exchange between air and blood?
- A. Diffusion
- B. Exhalation
- C. Inspiration
- D. Ventilation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Diffusion.' Diffusion is the process by which gases are exchanged between air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries. Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli through diffusion. Exhalation is the process of expelling air from the lungs, inspiration is the process of inhaling air into the lungs, and ventilation refers to the overall movement of air in and out of the lungs. While these processes are essential for the respiratory system to function, they are not directly responsible for the gas exchange between air and blood, which is primarily achieved through diffusion.
What is a rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil tightly before cell division?
- A. Centromere
- B. Chromatid
- C. Chromosome
- D. Gene
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A chromosome is a rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil tightly before cell division. It contains the genetic material and is essential for cell division and replication. The centromere is a specific region of a chromosome that plays a role in cell division. A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome, and a gene is a unit of heredity responsible for specific traits. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Chromosome' as it represents the entire condensed DNA molecule during cell division.