Nokea
At which point in the pregnancy are alveoli formed and fetal breathing movements noted?
- A. 12 weeks
- B. 6 weeks
- C. 20 weeks
- D. 24 weeks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (24 weeks) because alveoli formation and fetal breathing movements are typically observed during the late second trimester, around 24 weeks. At this stage, the lungs have developed sufficiently to support breathing outside the womb. Choices A (12 weeks), B (6 weeks), and C (20 weeks) are incorrect because alveoli formation and breathing movements do not occur as early as these time points in the pregnancy. Fetal breathing movements are a crucial sign of lung maturation and readiness for extrauterine life, which is why the correct answer is 24 weeks.
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A nurse is conducting prenatal education classes for a group of expectant parents. Which information should the nurse include in her discussion of the purpose of amniotic fluid? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Cushions the fetus
- B. Protects the skin of the fetus
- C. Provides nourishment for the fetus
- D. Allows for buoyancy for fetal movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cushions the fetus. Amniotic fluid acts as a cushion that protects the fetus from physical trauma and provides a stable environment for fetal growth. It helps prevent compression injuries and maintains a constant temperature. The other choices are incorrect because: B) Protects the skin of the fetus: While amniotic fluid does provide some protection, its main purpose is cushioning. C) Provides nourishment for the fetus: The placenta is responsible for providing nourishment to the fetus, not amniotic fluid. D) Allows for buoyancy for fetal movement: While amniotic fluid does allow for buoyancy, its primary function is to cushion the fetus.
With regard to prenatal genetic testing, nurses should be aware that:
- A. Maternal serum screening can determine whether a pregnant woman is at risk of carrying a fetus with Down syndrome.
- B. Carrier screening tests look for gene mutations of people already showing symptoms of a disease.
- C. Predisposition testing predicts with near certainty that symptoms will appear.
- D. Presymptomatic testing is used to predict the likelihood of breast cancer.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maternal serum screening identifies the risk for the neural tube defect and the specific chromosome abnormality involved in Down syndrome.
What are functions of the placenta?
- A. Produces the hormones estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin.
- B. None
- C. Feeds the foetus.
- D. None
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The placenta produces hormones and stores nutrients for fetal use.
Approximately 3 days after fertilization, what is the term for the developing zygote, which is a 16-cell mass?
- A. Trophoblast
- B. Morula
- C. Blastocyst
- D. Embryoblast
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Morula. At approximately 3 days post-fertilization, the zygote undergoes multiple cell divisions, forming a 16-cell mass known as a morula. This stage precedes the formation of a blastocyst, which occurs around day 5. The trophoblast refers to the outer layer of cells in the blastocyst responsible for implantation, while the embryoblast is the inner cell mass that gives rise to the embryo. Therefore, the morula stage accurately represents the 16-cell mass at this specific developmental timeline.
An expectant mother, diagnosed with oligohydramnios, asks the nurse what this condition means for the baby. Which statement should the nurse provide for the patient?
- A. Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development.
- B. Oligohydramnios means that the fetus is excreting excessive urine
- C. Oligohydramnios could mean that the fetus has a gastrointestinal blockage
- D. Oligohydramnios is associated with fetal central nervous system abnormalities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development. Oligohydramnios refers to a condition where there is a decreased amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This can result in compression of the fetus leading to poor lung development. Reduced amniotic fluid levels can also increase the risk of umbilical cord compression and fetal growth restriction. Option B is incorrect as oligohydramnios actually indicates a decreased production of amniotic fluid, not excessive urine excretion by the fetus. Option C is incorrect as oligohydramnios is not directly related to gastrointestinal blockage in the fetus. Option D is incorrect as oligohydramnios is primarily associated with fetal lung and renal abnormalities, not central nervous system abnormalities.