Nokea
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is equally common in boys and girls
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in boys than girls, though it affects both genders.
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The mother of a teenager diagnosed with an eating disorder asks, 'How long will my daughter have this problem?' The nurse answers with the knowledge that:
- A. recovery is usual after one severe episode.
- B. less than 30% show improvement after 5 years.
- C. weight restoration is sufficient for recovery.
- D. long-term therapy combined with medication results in the best outcomes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because long-term therapy combined with medication results in the best outcomes for individuals with eating disorders. Therapy helps address underlying psychological issues, while medication can help manage symptoms. Recovery is a complex process that often requires ongoing support. Choice A is incorrect as recovery is not always guaranteed after one severe episode. Choice B is incorrect as many individuals do show improvement over time. Choice C is incorrect as weight restoration alone may not address all aspects of the disorder.
The early stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by:
- A. Loss of recent memory
- B. Loss of remote memory
- C. Withdrawal from family
- D. Apraxia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Loss of recent memory. In the early stage of Alzheimer's disease, individuals typically experience difficulty remembering recent events, conversations, or information. This is due to the initial impact of the disease on the hippocampus and other brain regions responsible for forming new memories. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because loss of remote memory (choice B) usually occurs in later stages, withdrawal from family (choice C) can be a result of various factors beyond memory loss, and apraxia (choice D) refers to the inability to perform coordinated movements and is not a primary symptom of early-stage Alzheimer's.
A patient with borderline personality disorder has been making steady progress but one day gets a phone call from her boyfriend, who breaks off their relationship. Although she has not self-injured in over 2 months, she makes repeated lacerations on her forearm. Which statement about this and most maladaptive behaviors seen in personality disorders is most accurate?
- A. People with personality disorders rarely achieve lasting improvement.
- B. However dysfunctional, most behavior is the person's best effort to cope.
- C. People with personality disorders are at the mercy of others' actions.
- D. What appears to be improvement can be manipulation instead.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: However dysfunctional, most behavior is the person's best effort to cope. In this scenario, the patient's self-injury following the breakup is a maladaptive coping mechanism to deal with emotional distress. Individuals with personality disorders often engage in maladaptive behaviors as a way to cope with overwhelming emotions or stress. This behavior may not be effective or healthy, but it is their attempt to manage their internal struggles.
A: People with personality disorders rarely achieve lasting improvement - This statement is incorrect as individuals with personality disorders can make progress with therapy and support.
C: People with personality disorders are at the mercy of others' actions - This statement is incorrect as individuals with personality disorders have agency over their behaviors, even if they struggle with emotional regulation.
D: What appears to be improvement can be manipulation instead - This statement is incorrect as improvement in behavior should not be automatically attributed to manipulation; it could genuinely reflect progress in coping skills.
A nurse is planning care for a patient with bulimia nervosa. Which goal should be included in the care plan?
- A. The patient will engage in daily exercise to prevent weight gain.
- B. The patient will maintain a healthy, balanced diet without purging behaviors.
- C. The patient will gain 1-2 pounds per week.
- D. The patient will eliminate binge eating and purging behaviors entirely.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Maintaining a healthy, balanced diet without purging behaviors is crucial for managing bulimia nervosa.
2. This goal promotes physical health and addresses the underlying disordered eating habits.
3. It focuses on establishing sustainable eating patterns to support overall well-being.
4. It helps prevent complications associated with bulimia, such as electrolyte imbalances.
Summary:
- Option A is incorrect as excessive exercise can be a compensatory behavior in eating disorders.
- Option C is incorrect as rapid weight gain is not recommended in the treatment of bulimia.
- Option D is incorrect as complete elimination of binge eating and purging may be unrealistic initially.
A client with dementia was admitted to a dementia unit after she began persistently wandering away from home. The nursing staff should plan to:
- A. Provide unlimited freedom because the client has no place to go in the new neighborhood
- B. Provide one-to-one supervision when the client is ambulatory
- C. Place the client in a geriatric chair with a tray across the lap
- D. Provide the client with an electronic alarm that sounds when the client nears the exit door
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing the client with an electronic alarm that sounds when she nears the exit door is the best option to ensure her safety. This approach allows for monitoring without restricting her movement excessively. Choice A is incorrect as unlimited freedom poses risks. Choice B is not practical or feasible long-term. Choice C is not person-centered and may lead to discomfort and agitation. The electronic alarm in choice D is the most effective and least intrusive method to prevent wandering while respecting the client's autonomy.