Nokea
Based on the following evidence, what is the most likely reason that spoiled food left out in the open often contains fly larvae?
- A. The spoiled food evolves into fly larvae.
- B. Since the food is left out in the open, flies lay eggs in the food.
- C. Fly larvae are spontaneously generated by the spoiled food.
- D. People only imagine they see fly larvae in the spoiled food.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Flies laying eggs in the food when it is left exposed to the air is a common occurrence and a logical explanation for the presence of fly larvae in spoiled food. Choice A is incorrect as food cannot evolve into fly larvae; fly larvae come from eggs laid by flies. Choice C is incorrect as fly larvae do not spontaneously generate from spoiled food but rather develop from eggs laid by flies. Choice D is incorrect as the presence of fly larvae in spoiled food is a real phenomenon, not merely imagined by people.
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Which organelle provides energy for cellular functions?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Mitochondria. Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell as they produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. This process is essential for various cellular functions, making mitochondria crucial for energy production within the cell. Choice A, Nucleus, is incorrect as the nucleus is responsible for housing the cell's genetic material and controlling cellular activities but not for energy production. Choice B, Cell membrane, is incorrect as it is primarily involved in maintaining cell integrity and regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell, not in energy production. Choice D, Cytoplasm, is incorrect as it is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and is the site of many metabolic pathways, but it is not the specific organelle responsible for energy production.
What lab equipment would most likely be used to precisely measure the volume of a liquid solution?
- A. Flask
- B. Triple beam balance
- C. Graduated cylinder
- D. Test tube
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A graduated cylinder is the most suitable lab equipment for precisely measuring the volume of a liquid solution. Graduated cylinders are designed with calibrated markings that allow for accurate volume measurements of liquids. The other choices are not appropriate for measuring liquid volume: Flasks are used for mixing or storing liquids, triple beam balances are used for measuring mass, and test tubes are typically used for holding small amounts of substances during experiments.
Which term describes the allele for green eyes?
- A. Dominant
- B. Recessive
- C. Homozygous
- D. Heterozygous
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Recessive.' In genetics, eye color is determined by multiple genes, with green eyes often being associated with a recessive allele. When an individual carries two copies of the recessive allele for green eyes, they will express this eye color. Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive alleles. Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene, and heterozygous refers to having two different alleles. In this context, the allele for green eyes is recessive, meaning it is expressed only when an individual carries two copies of this specific allele. Therefore, 'Recessive' is the most appropriate term to describe the allele for green eyes, making it the correct answer.
Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
- A. Each gene contains multiple chromosomes.
- B. Each chromosome contains multiple genes.
- C. Genes and chromosomes are two different things referring to the same entity.
- D. Genes and chromosomes are not interchangeable terms and do not always occur in equal numbers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Each chromosome contains multiple genes. Genes, which are segments of DNA, are located on chromosomes and carry hereditary information. Chromosomes contain many genes, indicating that genes are part of the structure of chromosomes. Choice A is incorrect because genes do not contain chromosomes; rather, they are located on chromosomes. Choice C is incorrect as genes and chromosomes are distinct entities with different functions. Choice D is incorrect because genes and chromosomes are related but not in equal numbers; chromosomes contain multiple genes, but the number of genes can vary between chromosomes.
How do hydrogen bonds in water affect its characteristics?
- A. Hydrogen bonds are not polar enough to attract non-polar molecules.
- B. Hydrogen bonds cause water to be less dense when it is a solid than when it is a liquid.
- C. Hydrogen bonds cause water to have high surface tension, allowing some organisms to move across it.
- D. Hydrogen bonds cause water to be a good solvent.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds in water contribute to its high surface tension, enabling some organisms to move across the water's surface. This property is essential for certain insects and small animals that rely on surface tension to move or stay afloat on water. Choice A is incorrect because hydrogen bonds are polar and can attract polar and other charged molecules. Choice B is incorrect as hydrogen bonds make ice less dense than liquid water, which is a unique property. Choice D is incorrect as the ability of water to act as a good solvent is primarily due to its polarity, not just hydrogen bonding.