Nokea
Because of the cognitive disturbances associated with schizophrenia, which technique will be useful as the nurse teaches a client about self-management?
- A. Teach material in small segments
- B. Use only verbal instruction
- C. Plan the teaching for a time when client is stimulated and busy
- D. Offer opportunities for making a large number of choices
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because teaching material in small segments is effective for individuals with cognitive disturbances like schizophrenia, as it helps improve comprehension and retention. Breaking down information into manageable parts reduces cognitive overload and enhances learning. Choice B is incorrect as relying solely on verbal instruction may be challenging for individuals with cognitive deficits. Choice C is incorrect because a stimulated and busy environment may hinder learning for someone with schizophrenia due to difficulty focusing. Choice D is incorrect as offering too many choices can be overwhelming and confusing, especially for those with cognitive disturbances.
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An 85-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident and depression. The symptom that is unrelated to depression would be?
- A. Crying and refusing to perform task
- B. Answering I forgot to questions
- C. Having positive self-esteem
- D. Neglecting ADLs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient may suffer from depression as a result of limitations produced by the stroke. Depression can be evidenced by sadness (A), confusion (B), and lack of self-care (D). Positive self-esteem (C) is inconsistent with depression.
A rare condition in which separate personalities exist in the same person is called
- A. dissociative identity disorder
- B. split personality
- C. schizophrenia
- D. amnesia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dissociative identity disorder involves multiple distinct identities, distinguishing it from schizophrenia or amnesia.
An elderly woman is brought to the clinic by her daughter. The client states that she has had a cold for several days. Her daughter states that her mother has been confused about when her routine medications are to be taken and that her mother has never experienced confusion before. Based on this information, it is important that the nurse ask the client whether:
- A. There is a history of mental illness in the family.
- B. She has been given a diagnosis of a mental health disorder in the past.
- C. She can recall her last visit to a physician.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: There is a history of mental illness in the family. This is important because the sudden onset of confusion in an elderly person could be indicative of a new mental health issue or cognitive decline. Asking about a family history of mental illness can provide valuable insights into potential genetic predispositions or underlying conditions that may be contributing to the client's confusion.
Choices B and C are incorrect because the client's own history of mental health diagnosis or ability to recall a physician visit are not directly related to the sudden onset of confusion. Choice D is incorrect because asking about a family history of mental illness could provide crucial information in understanding the client's current condition.
A client tells the nurse he has just finished an important business meeting, when in fact he has been napping. Upon what rationale should the nurse's response be based?
- A. Ignoring memory deficit avoids catastrophic reactions.
- B. Delusions should be confronted to clarify thinking.
- C. Reality should be reinforced to maximize functioning.
- D. Changing the topic provides diversion.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because reinforcing reality helps the client maintain maximum functioning. By gently guiding the client back to reality, the nurse can support their cognitive abilities and prevent further confusion or disorientation. Choice A is incorrect because ignoring memory deficits does not address the issue at hand. Choice B is incorrect as confronting delusions may lead to increased distress. Choice D is incorrect as it does not address the situation effectively and may not help the client maintain cognitive functioning.
Which personality characteristic is most likely in a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Open displays of emotion
- B. Perfectionism
- C. Optimism
- D. Flexibility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Perfectionism is the most likely personality characteristic in a patient with anorexia nervosa because individuals with this disorder often exhibit an intense desire for control, rigid thinking patterns, and a relentless pursuit of thinness. This perfectionistic trait can manifest as strict adherence to self-imposed rules around food intake and excessive exercise. Open displays of emotion (choice A) are less common due to emotional suppression related to the disorder. Optimism (choice C) is unlikely as anorexia nervosa is associated with negative self-perceptions and low self-esteem. Flexibility (choice D) is also unlikely due to the rigid and inflexible behaviors typical of individuals with anorexia nervosa.