Nokea
Besides osteoporosis, IV bisphosphonates are also indicated for:
- A. Paget's Disease
- B. Early osteopenia
- C. Renal cancer
- D. Early closure of cranial sutures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IV bisphosphonates treat Paget's disease by reducing bone turnover; osteopenia uses oral forms typically.
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Which of the following has a stimulative effect on adrenal glands:
- A. Gonadotropins
- B. Thyrotropic hormone
- C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- D. Melanocyt stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other steroids.
While caring for a patient scheduled for knee replacement surgery, the nurse provides cefazolin (Ancef) as ordered 30 minutes pre-operatively. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective by which of the following client statements?
- A. The antibiotic is given as a prophylactic to help reduce the risk of infection after surgery.'
- B. This is a palliative medication to help ease the pain from surgery.'
- C. This medication will replace vitamins and minerals that may be lost due to bleeding during surgery.'
- D. This medication will help the surgeon identify areas of bone destruction due to arthritis.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cefazolin is administered pre-operatively as prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections, aligning with standard practice and effective patient understanding.
Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to:
- A. Immature renal function in school-age children
- B. Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population
- C. Children's skin being thicker than adults, it is less likely to absorb dosages of topical medication
- D. Infant boys having a higher proportion of muscle mass, leading to a higher volume of distribution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lack of pediatric studies increases ADR risk due to unestablished safety/efficacy, unlike renal maturity , skin thickness (C, false), or muscle mass (D, false).
When describing the various types of medications to a group of nursing students, a nursing instructor would identify which of the following as a source for deriving medications?
- A. Plants
- B. Synthetic sources
- C. Mold
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medications are derived from natural sources, for example, plants, molds, minerals, and animals, as well as created synthetically in a laboratory.
What medication most likely caused patient's hypoglycaemia?
- A. Acarbose
- B. Exenatide
- C. Glyburide
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glyburide, a sulfonylurea, is most likely to cause hypoglycemia due to excessive insulin release.