Cardiovascular Pharmacology Drug Class

Cardiovascular Pharmacology Drug Class Related

Review Cardiovascular Pharmacology Drug Class related questions and content

Beta-blocking drugs-induced chronically lower blood pressure may be associated with theirs effects on:

  • A. The heart
  • B. The blood vessels
  • C. The renin-angiotensin system
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Beta-blocking drugs lower blood pressure by affecting multiple systems.
1. The heart: Beta blockers reduce heart rate and contractility, leading to decreased cardiac output.
2. The blood vessels: Beta blockers cause vasodilation, reducing peripheral resistance.
3. The renin-angiotensin system: Beta blockers can inhibit renin release, decreasing angiotensin II levels and reducing vasoconstriction.
Therefore, the effects of beta blockers on the heart, blood vessels, and renin-angiotensin system collectively result in chronically lower blood pressure. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because beta blockers impact all these systems, not just one.

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Which of the following anxiolytics has minimal abuse liability?

  • A. Oxazepam
  • B. Buspirone
  • C. Flumazenil
  • D. Alprazolam
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Buspirone. Buspirone is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic that has minimal abuse potential, as it does not act on the GABA receptor like benzodiazepines do. Buspirone's mechanism of action involves serotonin and dopamine receptors, making it less likely to be abused compared to benzodiazepines.

Rationale:
A: Oxazepam is a benzodiazepine, which can lead to dependence and abuse due to its effects on the GABA receptor.
C: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdose, not an anxiolytic.
D: Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine with high abuse potential due to its rapid onset of action and reinforcing effects.

A 32-year-old Caucasian woman experiences chest pain with exertion. She reports having similar episodes in the past. It is determined that she is experiencing stable angina. She is given nitroglycerin to relax her vascular smooth musculature. Which best describes a step on nitroglycerin's mechanism of action?

  • A. Activation of adenylate cyclase
  • B. Activation of guanylate cyclase
  • C. Inhibition of calcium channels
  • D. Inhibition of cGMP phosphodiesterase
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nitroglycerin releases NO, activating guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, and relaxing vascular smooth muscle.

Which of the following drugs is believed to improve microcirculation in peripheral vascular diseases by promoting RBC flexibility?

  • A. Cyclandelate
  • B. Theophyline
  • C. Pentoxiphyline
  • D. Nicotinic acid
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pentoxifylline improves RBC flexibility and reduces blood viscosity, enhancing microcirculation.

Side effect of vitamin D3 is:

  • A. Defective bone mineralization
  • B. Metastatic calcifications
  • C. Hepatic toxicity
  • D. Nephrolithiasis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metastatic calcifications. Vitamin D3 can lead to hypercalcemia, causing calcium to deposit in soft tissues like blood vessels and kidneys, leading to metastatic calcifications. Choice A is incorrect because vitamin D deficiency, not excess, causes defective bone mineralization. Choice C is incorrect as vitamin D toxicity primarily affects calcium levels, not the liver. Choice D is incorrect as nephrolithiasis is more commonly associated with excess intake of calcium supplements, not vitamin D3.

Which of the following drugs may cause reversible gynecomastia?

  • A. Omeprazole
  • B. Pirenzepine
  • C. Cimetidine
  • D. Sucralfate
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Cimetidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that can cause reversible gynecomastia by inhibiting androgen receptors. This leads to increased estrogen levels and breast tissue growth in males. Omeprazole (A), Pirenzepine (B), and Sucralfate (D) are not associated with gynecomastia as they do not affect hormone levels in the same way as cimetidine.