Nokea
Betamethasone (Celestone) is prescribed to be administered and the patient asks nurse Hope about the purpose of this medication?
- A. Promote fetal lung maturity.
- B. Prevent the premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
- C. Delay delivery for at 1east 48 hours.
- D. Stop the premature uterine contractions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Betamethasone (Celestone) is a corticosteroid medication that is commonly used to promote fetal lung maturity in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery. Administering betamethasone to the mother helps accelerate the production of surfactant in the fetal lungs, which is essential for proper lung function and development. This medication is typically given to pregnant women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation to reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. It does not prevent premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, delay delivery, or stop premature uterine contractions.
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Based on the 2017 demography report (July 2016 estimate), the Philippine population has reached:
- A. 140 million
- B. 102 million
- C. 120 million
- D. 85 million
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to the 2017 demography report based on the July 2016 estimate, the Philippine population was approximately 102 million. This data is derived from official census data and estimates made by the Philippine Statistics Authority. As of that time, the country's population had not reached 140 million, 120 million, or 85 million as the other options suggest.
The physician orders cromolyn sodium (nasal crom) for the client. The nurse instructs the client that the most effective administration schedule is ________.
- A. When manifestations peak only, with two or three doses per day
- B. At the start of the allergy season, with a dose of once-a-day
- C. One week before the allergy season begins, with four to six doses per day
- D. Just after manifestations begin, with a dose of twice-a-day
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cromolyn sodium (nasal crom) is a mast cell stabilizer that is commonly used to prevent symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, itching, and congestion. It works best when used before exposure to allergens. The most effective administration schedule for nasal crom is to start using it just after allergy symptoms begin, with a dose of twice-a-day. This helps to prevent the release of histamine and other inflammatory substances from mast cells, thereby reducing allergic symptoms. Using nasal crom in this way can help provide relief and improve the overall management of allergic rhinitis.
A nurse is preparing to perform an intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring procedure for a patient with traumatic brain injury. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure procedural accuracy?
- A. Ensuring proper zeroing and calibration of the ICP monitoring system
- B. Positioning the patient in a high-Fowler's position during the procedure
- C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection
- D. Placing the ICP monitor in the subarachnoid space via lumbar puncture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize ensuring proper zeroing and calibration of the ICP monitoring system to ensure procedural accuracy and reliability of the measurements obtained. Proper zeroing involves setting the transducer at the level of the patient's external auditory meatus (ear), which serves as a reference point for accurate ICP readings. Calibration is necessary to establish accurate pressure measurements. Incorrect zeroing or calibration can lead to inaccurate ICP readings, which can impact clinical decision-making for patients with traumatic brain injury. Positioning the patient in a high-Fowler's position, administering prophylactic antibiotics, or placing the ICP monitor in the subarachnoid space via lumbar puncture are not directly related to ensuring the accuracy of the ICP monitoring procedure.
Which of the following is a common complication associated with Dupuytren's contracture?
- A. Trigger finger
- B. Swan-neck deformity
- C. Boutonniere deformity
- D. Mallet finger
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dupuytren's contracture is a condition characterized by the thickening and tightening of the tissue beneath the skin of the hand, leading to the fingers being pulled into a bent position. One of the common complications associated with Dupuytren's contracture is the development of a Swan-neck deformity. This deformity is characterized by hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint and flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint. It is important to recognize and address complications like Swan-neck deformity in individuals with Dupuytren's contracture to prevent further functional impairment and disability.
Healthy physical development is dependent upon nutrition, brain development, muscle and bone. Which of the following is NOT APPROPRIATE for physical development of a pre schooler?
- A. Sleeps 6 to 8 hours of sleep each day
- B. Assists in brushing and flossing teeth
- C. Gains 5 pounds per year
- D. Eruption of the primary teeth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a preschooler, it is recommended that they get more than 8 hours of sleep each day. Adequate sleep is crucial for their physical development, overall health, and cognitive function. Preschoolers typically need around 10-13 hours of sleep per day to support their growth and development. Getting less than the recommended amount of sleep can lead to issues such as behavioral problems, difficulty concentrating, and poor physical development. Therefore, ensuring that a preschooler gets enough sleep is vital for their physical well-being.