Nokea
Biopsy is not usually performed for a child with suspicion of Wilms tumor EXCEPT
- A. age of 2-3 year
- B. signs of inflammation or infection
- C. significant lymph node enlargement radiologically
- D. intratumoral calcification radiologically
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Presence of intratumoral calcifications may warrant biopsy to rule out other diagnoses.
You may also like to solve these questions
A 12-year-old male adolescent, recently diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, shows left cervical and supraclavicular lymph node involvement and drenching night sweats. Based on Ann Arbor Classification, the patient is classified as
- A. stage IA
- B. stage IB
- C. stage IIA
- D. stage IIB
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Involvement of two lymph node regions above the diaphragm with systemic symptoms corresponds to stage IIB.
A patient is treated with IV methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol) for emphysema. What is the purpose of corticosteroid treatment in lung disease?
- A. Dry secretions
- B. Improve the oxygen-carrying capacity
- C. Treat the infection that causes an of hemoglobin.
- D. Reduce airway inflammation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone, are commonly used in the treatment of lung diseases like emphysema to reduce airway inflammation. In conditions like emphysema, inflammation in the airways can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath and cough. Corticosteroids work by decreasing the inflammation in the airways, thereby helping to improve symptoms and slow down disease progression. By reducing inflammation, corticosteroids can also help to decrease mucus production and airway constriction, leading to improved lung function and overall respiratory health.
A 6 months old boy presents with respiratory distress and feeding difficulty. On examination heart rate is 130/min and there is a pansystolic murmur at left lower sternal border. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Mitral regurgitation
- B. Mitral valve prolapse
- C. Ventricular septal defect
- D. Coarctation of aorta
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) commonly presents with a pansystolic murmur and symptoms of congestive heart failure in infancy.
During starvation, the body slows metabolic processes and growth to minimize the need for nutrients. With the rapid reinstitution of feeding after starvation refeeding syndrome may occur. Of the following, the major changes that may occur with refeeding syndrome typically affect
- A. electrolytes
- B. serum proteins
- C. hormones
- D. liver enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Refeeding syndrome primarily affects electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which can become dangerously depleted due to rapid shifts in metabolism.
The child begins to understand right and left by age of
- A. 3 yr
- B. 4 yr
- C. 5 yr
- D. 6 yr
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Understanding right and left typically develops around age 5.