Nokea
Building a healthy community is based on the following basic principles except:
- A. concreteness and reasoning to understand and solve problems
- B. human beings do not function independently but as a group
- C. the target of change is not individual or family but community
- D. environmental factors are more basic than institutional factors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Building a healthy community is indeed based on principles like concreteness, group dynamics, and focusing on community-level change. However, stating that environmental factors are more basic than institutional factors is incorrect. Both environmental and institutional factors play crucial roles in community health. Environmental factors like access to healthcare, clean water, and safe housing are vital, while institutional factors such as healthcare systems, education, and governance also significantly impact community health. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as environmental factors are not more basic than institutional factors.
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A community hospital is an example of which level of health care?
- A. Secondary level health care
- B. Primary health care
- C. Tertiary level care
- D. Intermediate level care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A community hospital is categorized under secondary level health care. Secondary level health care facilities, like community hospitals, provide specialized outpatient care, diagnostic services, and treatment that are more complex than what is offered in primary health care settings. Choice B, primary health care, refers to basic and routine health care services typically provided by family doctors or general practitioners, which is not the level of care provided by community hospitals. Tertiary level care (choice C) involves highly specialized and complex medical services such as neurosurgery or organ transplants, which are beyond the scope of services provided by community hospitals. Intermediate level care (choice D) is not a recognized category in the hierarchy of health care levels.
A client is admitted with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following lab values would be consistent with this diagnosis?
- A. Low serum albumin
- B. High serum cholesterol
- C. Abnormally low white blood cell count
- D. Elevated creatinine phosphokinase (CPK)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Elevated creatinine phosphokinase (CPK). Elevated CPK levels indicate muscle damage, including damage to the cardiac muscle, which aligns with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
Choice A, low serum albumin, is not directly related to myocardial infarction. Choice B, high serum cholesterol, is more associated with conditions like atherosclerosis rather than acute myocardial infarction. Choice C, abnormally low white blood cell count, is typically not a lab value associated with myocardial infarction; instead, it could suggest other conditions like infections or bone marrow issues.
What is the measure of the number of existing cases of a disease in a specific population at a given time?
- A. Incidence
- B. Prevalence
- C. Mortality rate
- D. Morbidity rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prevalence is the correct answer as it refers to the number of existing cases of a disease in a specific population at a given time. Incidence, on the other hand, refers to the number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a specific period. Mortality rate is the measure of the number of deaths in a particular population due to a specific cause, while morbidity rate is the frequency of a disease in a specific population.
The nurse is reviewing a depressed client's history from an earlier admission. Documentation of anhedonia is noted. The nurse understands that this finding refers to:
- A. Reports of difficulty falling and staying asleep
- B. Expression of persistent suicidal thoughts
- C. Lack of enjoyment in usual pleasures
- D. Reduced senses of taste and smell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lack of enjoyment in usual pleasures. Anhedonia is the inability to feel pleasure in normally pleasurable activities. Choice A, reports of difficulty falling and staying asleep, is more indicative of insomnia rather than anhedonia. Choice B, expression of persistent suicidal thoughts, is related to suicidal ideation and not anhedonia. Choice D, reduced senses of taste and smell, is more associated with disturbances in the sense of taste and smell, not anhedonia.
A 16-year-old female client returns to the clinic because she is pregnant for the third time by a new boyfriend. Which vaccine should the nurse plan to administer?
- A. Measles-mumps-rubella.
- B. Hepatitis B.
- C. Human papillomavirus.
- D. Pneumococcal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccine is crucial for pregnant women as it helps prevent transmission of the virus to the baby during childbirth. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (choice A) is not directly related to the current situation of the client being pregnant. Human papillomavirus vaccine (choice C) is recommended for adolescents but is not specifically indicated in this case. Pneumococcal vaccine (choice D) is not a priority in this scenario compared to Hepatitis B, which is crucial for preventing vertical transmission.