Nokea
Calcium carbonate is given with meals to a child with chronic renal disease. What is the purpose of administering calcium carbonate?
- A. Prevent vomiting
- B. Bind phosphorus
- C. Stimulate appetite
- D. Increase absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In chronic renal disease, the kidneys are not functioning properly, leading to an accumulation of phosphorus in the body. High levels of phosphorus can be harmful and contribute to bone and mineral disorders. Calcium carbonate is often given with meals to bind phosphorus in the gut and prevent its absorption. By binding with phosphorus, calcium carbonate helps lower the levels of phosphorus in the blood, thereby managing complications associated with chronic renal disease, such as renal osteodystrophy. It is an essential part of the treatment plan for patients with chronic kidney disease to help maintain appropriate phosphorus balance in the body and prevent further complications.
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When administering oxygen to a client, under which of the ff situations should the nurse discontinue the administration and notify the physician?
- A. When the client's color does not improve
- B. When the client level of consciousness decreases
- C. When the client is in a state of respiratory arrest
- D. When the client cannot effectively use the diaphragm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a client is in a state of respiratory arrest, it means their breathing has stopped. This is a life-threatening emergency situation that requires immediate action. The nurse should discontinue administering oxygen and promptly notify the physician for further intervention, such as initiating CPR or advanced airway management. Prompt recognition and timely response to respiratory arrest are crucial in saving the client's life.
A 3-year-old child from a suburban community presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and blurred vision. Physical examination reveals an afebrile child with pinpoint pupils, salivation, and muscular fasciculations. The child's lawn was treated yesterday for insects. Which of the following tests will establish the correct diagnosis?
- A. Blood-lead level
- B. 24-hour urine mercury level
- C. Plasma cholinesterase level
- D. Urine malathion level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms suggest organophosphate poisoning, which can be confirmed by measuring plasma cholinesterase levels, as organophosphates inhibit this enzyme.
The client with epilepsy is taking the prescribed dose of phenytoin (Dilantin) to control seizures. Results of a phenytoin blood level study reveal a level of 35 mcg/ml. Which of the following symptoms would be expected as a result of this laboratory result?
- A. Nystagmus
- B. No symptoms, because this is normal
- C. Tachycardia therapeutic level
- D. Slurred speech
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A phenytoin blood level of 35 mcg/ml is considered to be above the therapeutic range (usually 10-20 mcg/ml for phenytoin). At this elevated level, the client is at risk for phenytoin toxicity. Symptoms of phenytoin toxicity include nystagmus (rapid, involuntary eye movements), as well as other symptoms such as confusion, slurred speech, ataxia, and tremors. Tachycardia is not typically associated with phenytoin toxicity. Therefore, the expected symptom in this case would be nystagmus.
The nurse is preparing a client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm or rule out a spinal cord lesion. During the MRI scan, which of the following would pose a threat to the client?
- A. The client lies still.
- B. The client wears a watch and wedding
- C. The client asks questions. band.
- D. the client hears thumping sounds.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client wearing a watch and wedding band would pose a threat during the MRI scan. MRI machines use strong magnetic fields that can interact with metal objects. The presence of metal objects such as a watch and wedding band can lead to serious safety risks for the client inside the MRI machine. These metal objects can become projectiles or heat up, causing burns or other injuries. Thus, it is crucial for the client to remove all metal objects before undergoing an MRI scan to ensure their safety.
A nurse is planning a teaching session for parents of preschool children. Which statement explains why the nurse should include information about morbidity and mortality?
- A. Life span statistics are included in the data.
- B. It explains effectiveness of treatment.
- C. Cost-effective treatment is detailed for the general population.
- D. High-risk age groups for certain disorders or hazards are identified.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Including information about morbidity and mortality is important in a teaching session for parents of preschool children because it helps identify high-risk age groups for certain disorders or hazards. By understanding which age groups are more vulnerable to specific health issues, parents can take proactive steps to protect their children and promote their overall well-being. This information also enables parents to recognize signs and symptoms early on, leading to timely interventions and better outcomes for their children's health.