Nokea
Cancer is the second major cause of death in this country. What is the first step toward effective cancer control?
- A. Increasing governmental control of potential carcinogens
- B. Changing habits and customs that predispose the individual to cancer
- C. Conducting more mass screening programs
- D. Educating public and professional people about cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because changing habits and customs that predispose the individual to cancer is crucial in preventing cancer. This includes lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding excessive sun exposure. By modifying behaviors that increase cancer risk, individuals can significantly reduce their chances of developing cancer.
A: Increasing governmental control of potential carcinogens is not the first step towards effective cancer control as individual behaviors have a more direct impact on cancer risk.
C: Conducting more mass screening programs is important but not the first step as prevention through lifestyle changes takes priority.
D: Educating the public and professionals about cancer is essential but changing habits is the initial crucial step in effective cancer control.
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When caring for a client, whose being treated for hyperthyroidism, it’s important to:
- A. Provide extra blankets and clothing to keep the client warm.
- B. Monitor the client for signs of restlessness, sweating and excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapy.
- C. Balance the client’s periods of activity and rest.
- D. Encourage the client to be active to prevent constipation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Monitoring for signs of restlessness, sweating, and excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapy is essential in managing hyperthyroidism. Restlessness can indicate increased metabolic rate, sweating can be due to excessive heat production, and weight loss can be a sign of overactive thyroid function. Providing extra blankets (Choice A) may worsen symptoms of heat intolerance. Balancing activity and rest (Choice C) is important, but not specific to hyperthyroidism. Encouraging activity to prevent constipation (Choice D) is not directly related to managing hyperthyroidism.
A patient understands the common causes of urinary tract infection if he or she states the following, EXCEPT:
- A. “UTI can be caused by holding the urge to urinate.”
- B. “Insertion of instruments and catheter to the urinary tract can introduce bacteria that can cause infection.”
- C. “I usually drink lots of water at night and it might have caused my UTI.”
- D. “UTI can be caused by unhygienic cleaning after defecation.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer because drinking lots of water at night actually helps prevent UTIs by flushing out bacteria from the urinary tract. Holding the urge to urinate (Choice A) can increase the risk of UTIs as bacteria can multiply in stagnant urine. Insertion of instruments and catheters (Choice B) can introduce bacteria, leading to infection. Unhygienic cleaning after defecation (Choice D) can also introduce bacteria to the urinary tract, causing UTIs. Therefore, Choice C is the exception as it does not contribute to the common causes of UTIs.
As the surgical incision is closed, who are the personnel in-charge in counting the needles, sponges, and instruments?
- A. the surgeon and anesthesiologist
- B. the surgeon and the registered
- C. the circulating and scrub nurse nurse first assistant
- D. the anesthesiologist and anesthetist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C - the circulating and scrub nurse first assistant. The circulating nurse is responsible for counting needles, sponges, and instruments during the closing of the surgical incision to ensure nothing is left inside the patient. The scrub nurse first assistant also plays a crucial role in this process by assisting in the counting and keeping track of the items used during the procedure. The other choices are incorrect because the surgeon and anesthesiologist (A) are not typically involved in counting items during the surgical closure, the surgeon and the registered (B) may not have the necessary training for accurate counting, and the anesthesiologist and anesthetist (D) are not directly involved in the surgical closing process.
Which of the ff is the best dietary advice to maximize the immune function in healthy people?
- A. Include immune enhancing formulas
- B. Avoid polyunsaturated fatty acids
- C. Increase intake of essential fatty acids and omega 3 fatty acids
- D. Follow a balanced and varied diet CARING FOR CLIENT WITH IMMUNE MEDIATED DISORDERS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. A balanced and varied diet provides essential nutrients for immune function.
2. Including a wide range of foods ensures intake of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants crucial for immune health.
3. Avoiding extremes like excessive immune-enhancing formulas or eliminating polyunsaturated fatty acids maintains balance.
4. Essential fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial but should be part of a well-rounded diet.
5. For clients with immune-mediated disorders, individualized dietary advice may be necessary.
Summary:
- A: Immune-enhancing formulas may not be necessary and could disrupt balance.
- B: Avoiding all polyunsaturated fatty acids is not advisable as some are essential for health.
- C: Increasing essential fatty acids is beneficial but should be part of a balanced diet.
While managing a client after a medical or surgical procedure for bladder stones, for what rise in the temperature should the nurse notify the physician?
- A. When the temperature rises above 101F
- B. When the temperature rises above 100F
- C. When the temperature rises above 102F
- D. When the temperature rises above 99F
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: When the temperature rises above 102F. A temperature rise above 102F is concerning as it may indicate infection or other complications post-procedure. This higher threshold helps in early detection and timely intervention. Choices A and B set lower thresholds, potentially delaying necessary medical attention. Choice D is below the typical threshold for fever and would not typically warrant physician notification in this context.