Nokea
Carvedilol is heavily metabolized by CYP2D6 and 2C9, resulting in drug interactions with which of the following drug classes?
- A. Histamine 2 blockers
- B. Quinolones
- C. Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SSRIs inhibit CYP2D6, increasing carvedilol levels and effects.
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All of following drugs are metabolized in body by acetylation except:
- A. INH
- B. Hydralazine
- C. Procainamide
- D. Dilantin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dilantin (phenytoin) is metabolized by hydroxylation, not acetylation.
Glucocorticoids causes:
- A. Inhibition of lipolysis
- B. Disposition of fat in upper and lower extremities
- C. Atrophy of fatty tissue on face and paleness
- D. Catabolism of bone tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glucocorticoids promote bone catabolism, leading to osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoblast activity and increasing osteoclast activity.
Protein binding of a drug helps in
- A. Distribution
- B. Prolonging half life
- C. Limiting metabolism
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Protein binding affects distribution (bound drugs stay in plasma), prolongs half-life (less free drug available for clearance), and limits metabolism (bound drug is less accessible to enzymes).
A 6 year old child was admitted to the emergency unit with suspicion of an accidental overdose of chlordiazepoxide. Which of the following antagonists may be administered as part of the initial treatment?
- A. Flumazenil
- B. Naloxone
- C. Fomepizole
- D. Nalorphine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine (e.g., chlordiazepoxide) overdose.
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client who has absence seizures. The nurse should anticipate administering which of the following medications?
- A. Phenytoin
- B. Ethosuximide
- C. Gabapentin
- D. Carbamazepine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ethosuximide , valproic acid , and lamotrigine are effective for absence seizures.