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Case finding for PTB n the community requires that the nurse should Identify persons having sputum characterized as ________.
- A. Rusty, frothy
- B. Blood stained
- C. Yellowish
- D. Greenish
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Identifying persons with sputum characterized as blood stained is important in case finding for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the community. Blood stained sputum, also known as hemoptysis, is a common symptom of TB. It occurs when there is bleeding in the respiratory tract, often as a result of damage to the lungs caused by tuberculosis infection. Therefore, the presence of blood in the sputum is a significant clinical finding that should alert healthcare providers, including nurses, to the possibility of TB. Early identification and diagnosis of individuals with blood stained sputum can lead to prompt treatment and the prevention of further transmission of the disease in the community.
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Public health services are provided by government facilities. What is the most appropriate response of a public health nurse to the statement: The government should give these health services free of charge to people?
- A. "Yes and for that reason, we should choose our government officials wisely during elections".
- B. "Yes, I agree. But right now, the government does not have enough resources to do that".
- C. "That is an ideal situation that our government does not have enough resources to do that".
- D. "Many of the health services are given free, but we people pay for them just the same through our taxes".
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate response is "Many of the health services are given free, but we people pay for them just the same through our taxes." This response acknowledges the fact that public health services are funded by taxpayers, even though they may be perceived as free by the public. It highlights the connection between government funding and the provision of health services, emphasizing that these services are not truly free but are paid for through taxes. It also addresses the misconception that these services are entirely free without any costs involved.
A patient presents with chest pain that occurs during heavy lifting or physical exertion and is relieved by rest. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may show transient ST-segment depression. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Prinzmetal's angina
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of chest pain occurring during heavy lifting or physical exertion and being relieved by rest are classic characteristics of stable angina. Stable angina is caused by transient myocardial ischemia due to a fixed coronary artery obstruction. Typically, the pain is predictable and reproducible, occurring with exertion and relieved by rest. The transient ST-segment depression on ECG is also a common finding in stable angina, reflecting myocardial ischemia during episodes of chest pain.
Non verbal communication is the behavior that accompanies verbal communication, which of the following is NOT an indicator of this
- A. Eye contact
- B. Grunts and groans
- C. Words representing an object
- D. Bochy language
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nonverbal communication consists of gestures, facial expressions, body language, posture, tone of voice, touch, and eye contact, among other behaviors. Option C, words representing an object, refers to verbal communication rather than nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is the behavior that accompanies verbal communication, providing additional layers of meaning and adding context to the spoken words. Therefore, words representing an object are not indicators of nonverbal communication.
A pregnant woman presents with severe abdominal pain and syncope at 6 weeks gestation. On examination, she has signs of hypovolemic shock. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Threatened abortion
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Gestational trophoblastic disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a pregnant woman presenting with severe abdominal pain, syncope, signs of hypovolemic shock, and gestational age of 6 weeks, the most likely cause is an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tube. As the pregnancy grows and the tube stretches, it can lead to rupture, causing severe abdominal pain, internal bleeding, and signs of shock. This is a life-threatening emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and management. It is important to consider ectopic pregnancy in any pregnant woman presenting with abdominal pain and signs of shock, especially in the first trimester.
In planning the nursing care for this patient what is the important nursing intervention a nurse must do?
- A. Encourage patient to release anxiety by crying.
- B. Reassure family that complete recovery is probable.
- C. Assess patient for respiratory distress.
- D. Have patient assist with care.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessing the patient for respiratory distress is the important nursing intervention that must be done in this situation. The scenario provided indicates that the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing increased work of breathing, which puts them at risk for respiratory distress. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient's respiratory status closely, including assessing their oxygen saturations, respiratory rate, and effort, to identify any signs of respiratory distress early and intervene promptly. This proactive assessment can help prevent further deterioration of the patient's condition and ensure appropriate nursing interventions are implemented promptly.