Nokea
Causes for hypertension in childhood
- A. PDA
- B. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- C. Guillain-Barre syndrome
- D. Lead poisoning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common cause of hypertension in childhood.
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A child with rheumatic fever is being admitted to the pediatric floor. On admission assessment, the nurse should ask the parents which question to elicit assessment information specific to the development of rheumatic fever?
- A. “Has your child complained of back pain?â€
- B. “Has your child complained of headaches?â€
- C. “Has your child had any nausea or vomiting?â€
- D. “Did your child have a sore throat or fever within the last 2 months?â€
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A history of sore throat or fever within the last 2 months is significant as rheumatic fever often follows a streptococcal infection such as strep throat.
Generalised absence seizures:
- A. Are usually atypical in type
- B. CT scan shows abnormalities in around 25-30% of cases
- C. Can be diagnosed in the absence of a typical EEG pattern with great certainty
- D. Are associated with other generalised seizures in most cases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Generalised absence seizures are often associated with other types of generalised seizures, such as tonic-clonic seizures.
An adolescent female has a history of repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Which long-term complication is a concern for this patient?
- A. Aortic stenosis
- B. Chronic cyanosis
- C. Mitral valve prolapse
- D. Ventricular failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with repaired TOF, especially adolescent females, are at risk for mitral valve prolapse.
Which patient could require feeding by gavage?
- A. Infant with congestive heart failure (CHF)
- B. Toddler with repair of transposition of the great vessels
- C. Toddler with Kawasaki disease (KD) in the acute phase
- D. School-age child with rheumatic fever (RF) and chorea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Feeding by gavage may be required if the child is unable to feed orally without increased cardiac demand, as might be seen after surgical repair of transposition of the great vessels.
When planning care for a 8-year-old boy with Down syndrome, the nurse should:
- A. Plan interventions according to the developmental level of a 7-year-old child because that’s the child’s age
- B. Plan interventions according to the developmental levels of a 5-year-old because the child will have developmental delays
- C. Assess the child’s current developmental level and plan care accordingly
- D. Direct all teaching to the parents because the child can’t understand
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Care should be individualized based on the child’s current developmental level, not just their chronological age or assumptions about delays.