Nokea
Characteristic indices in anaemia of chronic inflammation:
- A. Increased MCV
- B. Decreased ferritin
- C. Decreased transferrin
- D. Normal MCHC
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased transferrin: In anaemia of chronic inflammation, transferrin levels decrease due to inflammatory cytokines, which affect iron metabolism and its availability for erythropoiesis.
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A 3-year-old child diagnosed with congestive heart failure is receiving maintenance doses of digoxin and furosemide (Lasix). She is rubbing her eyes when she is looking at the lights in the room and her heart rate is 65 beats per minute. The nurse expects which laboratory finding?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypomagnesemia
- C. Hypocalcemia
- D. Hypophosphatemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypokalemia is a common side effect of furosemide, a diuretic, and can exacerbate digoxin toxicity, which may present with symptoms such as visual disturbances and bradycardia.
The initial treatment of choice for a symptomatic patient with isolated pulmonic stenosis is
- A. closed surgical blade valvotomy
- B. open surgical valvotomy
- C. balloon catheter valvuloplasty
- D. Blalock-Taussig shunt
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Balloon catheter valvuloplasty is less invasive and effective for relieving pulmonic stenosis.
Causes of a dilated renal pelvis in a foetal scan include:
- A. Normal variant
- B. Vesico-ureteric reflux
- C. Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction
- D. Multicystic kidney
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A dilated renal pelvis can be a normal variant in a foetal scan, often resolving spontaneously without intervention.
Which among the following is an anatomical scoring system?
- A. STS Score.
- B. Euroscore II
- C. SYNTAX Score
- D. GRACE Score
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SYNTAX Score is an anatomical scoring system used to assess coronary artery disease.
What does the nurse explain that a ventricular septal defect will allow?
- A. Blood to shunt left to right, causing increased pulmonary flow and no cyanosis
- B. Blood to shunt right to left, causing decreased pulmonary flow and cyanosis
- C. No shunting because of high pressure in the left ventricle
- D. Increased pressure in the left atrium, impeding circulation of oxygenated blood in the circulating volume
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary blood flow is increased when a ventricular septal defect exists. The blood shifts from left to right because of the higher pressure in the left ventricle. This particular shift does not cause cyanosis.