Nokea
Characteristics of vitamin D and its metabolites include which of the following?
- A. Act to decrease serum levels of calcium
- B. Activation of vitamin D receptors in the major cells of
- C. Calcitriol is the major derivative responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of phosphate
- D. Metabolites of vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate.
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The nurse is preparing a medication that is new to the market and cannot be found in the nurses drug guide. Where can the nurse get the most reliable information about this medication?
- A. Package insert
- B. Another nurse
- C. Drug manufacturer
- D. Physician
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most reliable information about the drug can be found on the package insert supplied by the manufacturer because it was prepared according to strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. Asking another nurse or the physician is not reliable and cannot be verified as accurate. It would not be realistic to call the drug manufacturer for information.
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT):
- A. Is widely distributed in the body only when the gum products are used
- B. Does not cross the placenta and so is safe for pregnant women
- C. Delays healing of esophagitis and peptic ulcers
- D. Has no drug interactions when a transdermal patch is used
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NRT delays GI ulcer healing due to nicotine's effects on acid secretion.
Which aminoglycoside is most commonly used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
- A. Amikacin
- B. Streptomycin
- C. Tobramycin
- D. Gentamicin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tobramycin is frequently used in cystic fibrosis patients for its efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often administered via inhalation or IV.
The nurse administers amoxicillin 500 mg. The half-life of this drug is approximately 1 hour. At what point would the drug level in the body be 62.5 mg if the drug was not administered again?
- A. 1 hours after the original dose
- B. 2 hours after the original dose
- C. 3 hours after the original dose
- D. 4 hours after the original dose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one-half of the peak level it previously achieved. At a dose of 500 mg the drug level would be 250 mg in 1 hour, 125 mg in 2 hours, 62.5 mg in 3 hours, and 31.25 mg in 4 hours so the correct answer is 3 hours.
Pregnant patients who are taking isoniazid (INH) should take 25 mg/day of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to prevent:
- A. Beriberi
- B. Peripheral neuropathy
- C. Rickets
- D. Megaloblastic anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B6 supplementation prevents INH-induced peripheral neuropathy.