Exam 4 Psychology

Exam 4 Psychology Related

Review Exam 4 Psychology related questions and content

Charles has suffered from schizophrenia for many years and now resides in a group treatment facility. One day a nurse approaches him and quietly tells him that his sister, who has been fighting cancer for many months, died that morning. Charles has no appreciable facial reaction and in a very monotone voice says, 'okay.' The nurse is not surprised by Charles's lack of response to the awful news because she knows that _________ is one symptom often seen in those suffering from schizophrenia?

  • A. Clang associations
  • B. Echolalia
  • C. Blunted affect
  • D. Perseveration
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In individuals with schizophrenia, blunted affect, or reduced emotional expression, is a common symptom. In this scenario, Charles's lack of emotional response upon hearing about his sister's death aligns with the characteristic of blunted affect. This symptom can manifest as a limited range of facial expressions, monotone voice, and reduced display of emotions. Choice A, 'Clang associations,' refers to a thought disorder characterized by the use of words that sound alike but are not logically connected. Choice B, 'Echolalia,' is the repetition of words spoken by others. Choice D, 'Perseveration,' is the persistent repetition of a response or behavior even when it is no longer appropriate.

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Which of the following statements is least likely to be made by a humanist?

  • A. Humans are unique.
  • B. The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances.
  • C. Humans have a basic need to fulfill their potentials.
  • D. Research on animals has little relevance to understanding human behavior.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The corrected question assesses the least likely statement made by a humanist. Choice B, 'The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances,' is least likely to be made by a humanist. Humanists believe that human behavior is not simply dictated by environmental circumstances but is influenced by a combination of factors, including personal experiences, emotions, and conscious decisions. Choices A, C, and D are more aligned with humanist perspectives. Choice A acknowledges the uniqueness of humans, which is a common theme in humanistic psychology. Choice C reflects the humanistic belief that individuals strive to reach their full potential and self-actualization. Choice D contrasts with humanist views as humanists often consider research on animals to be relevant in understanding human behavior due to shared basic psychological processes.

In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to?

  • A. Amount of suffering the individual is experiencing due to the mental disorder
  • B. Inability of an individual to fulfill a certain role (e.g., work or family obligation)
  • C. The capacity of the individual to cause harm to the people around them
  • D. The tendency of an individual to display behaviors that are culturally unexpected
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to behavior that is culturally unexpected or violates social norms. This means that the individual displays behaviors that are not typical or acceptable within their specific culture or society. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the concept of deviance in the context of defining a mental disorder. The amount of suffering, inability to fulfill a role, or capacity to cause harm are important considerations in understanding mental disorders but are not specifically related to deviance.

How is binge-eating disorder different from bulimia?

  • A. Typically eat much smaller portions before purging the food.
  • B. Do not typically purge the food they eat.
  • C. Only purge their food after several binge sessions.
  • D. Often resort to anorexic methods to rid themselves of the food they have eaten.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because individuals with binge-eating disorder do not typically engage in purging behavior, unlike those with bulimia. Choice A is incorrect as individuals with binge-eating disorder do not purge the food they eat, so they do not eat smaller portions before doing so. Choice C is incorrect as they do not purge their food after several binge sessions. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with binge-eating disorder do not resort to anorexic methods to rid themselves of the food they have eaten.

What term describes exceptional mental abilities such as mental math, memorization, musical, and artistic ability found among individuals with autism?

  • A. Savant skills
  • B. Theory of mind
  • C. Echolalia
  • D. Self-stimulatory behaviors
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Savant skills. Savant skills refer to exceptional abilities commonly observed in individuals with autism. These skills can include remarkable talents in areas such as mental math, memorization, music, and art. Choice B, Theory of mind, is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, which is a different concept. Choice C, Echolalia, is the repetition of words or phrases, not related to exceptional abilities. Choice D, Self-stimulatory behaviors, involves repetitive body movements or sounds often seen in individuals with autism but is not directly related to exceptional mental abilities.

Who founded functionalism?

  • A. John Watson.
  • B. Sigmund Freud.
  • C. William James.
  • D. Wilhelm Wundt.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: William James is credited with founding functionalism, which emphasizes the adaptive purpose of consciousness. John Watson is associated with behaviorism, not functionalism. Sigmund Freud is known for psychoanalysis, and Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder of modern psychology and structuralism, not functionalism.

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