Nokea
CHN is a community-based practice. What best explains this statement?
- A. The service is provided in the natural environment of people
- B. The nurse conducts community diagnosis to determine nursing needs and problems
- C. The services are based on the available resources within the community
- D. Priority setting is based on the magnitude of the health problems identified
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in community-based nursing, conducting a community diagnosis is crucial to identify the specific nursing needs and problems of the community. This helps in planning and implementing appropriate interventions. Choice A is incorrect as providing services in the natural environment is a characteristic of community health nursing, not community-based practice specifically. Choice C is incorrect because community-based practice focuses on utilizing resources beyond just those available within the community. Choice D is incorrect as priority setting is based on the identified needs, not just the magnitude of health problems.
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In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the disease with the usual frequency at this time of the year in this community. This is done during which stage of the investigation?
- A. Establishing the epidemic
- B. Testing the hypothesis
- C. Formulation of the hypothesis
- D. Appraisal of facts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Establishing the epidemic. During this stage, comparing the present disease frequency with the usual frequency helps determine if there is a significant increase, indicating an epidemic. This step is crucial for recognizing and confirming the outbreak. Testing the hypothesis (B) comes after the epidemic is established. Formulation of the hypothesis (C) involves developing a theory based on observations, not comparing frequencies. Appraisal of facts (D) occurs after data collection, not during the initial comparison.
According to C.E. Winslow, what is the goal of Public Health?
- A. For people to attain their birthrights and longevity
- B. For the promotion of health and prevention of diseases
- C. For people to have access to basic health services
- D. For people to be organized in their health efforts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: For people to attain their birthrights and longevity. This goal emphasizes the fundamental rights of individuals to live a healthy and fulfilling life, aligning with Winslow's vision of public health as a means to ensure all people can achieve their full potential. Choice B focuses on disease prevention only, neglecting the broader aspects of well-being. Choice C is limited to access to services, overlooking the holistic nature of public health. Choice D is too narrow, as organizational efforts are just one aspect of public health, not the overarching goal.
In a study on the factors contributing to the high mortality rate due to heart diseases in the municipality, which branch of epidemiology is being practiced?
- A. Descriptive
- B. Analytical
- C. Therapeutic
- D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Analytical epidemiology. This branch focuses on investigating the causes and risk factors of diseases, such as heart diseases in the municipality. It involves comparing groups to identify associations and determine causality, which aligns with studying factors contributing to high mortality rates. Descriptive epidemiology (choice A) describes the distribution of diseases but does not delve into causes. Therapeutic epidemiology (choice C) focuses on treatment interventions, not causes. Evaluation epidemiology (choice D) assesses the effectiveness of programs, not specifically causes of diseases.
Which of the following is an epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic?
- A. Conducting assessments of suspected cases to detect communicable diseases
- B. Monitoring the condition of cases affected by the communicable disease
- C. Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic
- D. Educating the community on preventive measures against the disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic is a key epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic. This involves identifying the origin of the outbreak to implement targeted control measures and prevent further spread.
A is incorrect because while conducting assessments is important, it is not a specific epidemiologic function related to determining the source of an epidemic. B is incorrect as monitoring cases focuses on individual care rather than epidemiologic investigation. D is incorrect as educating the community, while important, is not directly related to determining the source of the epidemic.
An indicator of success in community organizing is when people are able to:
- A. Participate in community activities to address a community problem
- B. Implement activities to address the community problem
- C. Plan activities to address the community problem
- D. Identify the community problem as a common concern
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because successful community organizing involves active participation of community members in addressing the problem collectively. By participating in community activities, individuals feel empowered and invested in finding solutions. Choice B is incorrect as implementation alone does not guarantee community involvement. Choice C focuses on planning only, neglecting the importance of actual participation. Choice D is also incorrect as mere identification of the problem does not demonstrate successful community organizing without further action.