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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Which of the following physiological changes will help an infected wound to heal?
- A. Phagocytosis
- B. Increased blood flow to tissue
- C. Vasoconstriction
- D. Decreased delivery of oxygen to tissue
- E. Delivery of increased level of nutrients to site
- F. Increase in cellular metabolism
Correct Answer: A,B,E,F
Rationale: Phagocytosis (A) clears pathogens, increased blood flow (B) and nutrients (E) support tissue repair, and increased cellular metabolism (F) aids healing. Vasoconstriction (C) and decreased oxygen (D) impair healing.
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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Which of the following physiological changes make the elderly more susceptible to burns from heat applications?
- A. Thinner skin
- B. More porous bones
- C. Reduced tactile sensation
- D. Cognitive changes
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Elderly individuals have thinner skin (A), reduced tactile sensation (C), and potential cognitive changes (D) that impair their ability to detect excessive heat, increasing burn risk. More porous bones (B) are unrelated to burn susceptibility.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Patient teaching regarding home use of heating pads should include which of the following?
- A. Use the highest temperature setting for maximum heat penetration.
- B. Set a timer for no longer than 20 to 30 minutes.
- C. Use a thin layer of petroleum jelly on skin to prevent burns.
- D. Use heat on areas that continue to swell.
- E. Never lie on top of a heating pad.
- F. Check the skin under the heating pad every 10 minutes for excessive redness.
Correct Answer: B,E,F
Rationale: Heating pads should be used for 20-30 minutes (B) to avoid burns, never lain on (E) to prevent prolonged heat exposure, and skin should be checked frequently (F). High temperatures (A) increase burn risk, petroleum jelly (C) can trap heat, and heat on swelling areas (D) can worsen edema.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. When using a tepid bath for fever reduction, the longest a child should be left in the tepid water is
- A. 60 minutes.
- B. 45 minutes.
- C. 30 minutes.
- D. 15 minutes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A tepid bath for fever reduction in children should not exceed 15 minutes (C) to prevent chilling or discomfort. Longer durations (A, B, D) increase risk of hypothermia or skin irritation.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. All of the following, except one, are indications for heat application. Which condition would not be a suitable indication?
- A. Sore muscles after working in the garden for several hours
- B. An infected cut on the plantar surface of the foot
- C. A newly jammed thumb joint
- D. A postoperative patient with a body temperature of 95°F
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heat is indicated for sore muscles (A) to relax tissues, but not for infected cuts (B) as it may worsen infection, newly jammed joints (C) due to swelling, or hypothermia (D) as it requires warming but not localized heat. Hypothermia (D) is the least suitable.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. When systemic cooling of the body is used in cardiovascular surgery, what are the effects of the therapy?
- A. Slowed metabolism
- B. Ischemia of cells
- C. Reduction of body's oxygen requirements
- D. Phagocytosis
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Systemic cooling in cardiovascular surgery slows metabolism (A) and reduces oxygen requirements (C) to protect organs. Ischemia (B) is a potential risk, not a desired effect, and phagocytosis (D) is unrelated.