Nokea
Choose the correct statements:
- A. every month, a secondary follicle becomes a mature follicle;
- B. the ovary displays a cortical area in which the following are found: lax connective tissue, vessels and nerves.
- C. monthly, beginning with puberty, a mature follicle transforms into a tertiary follicle;
- D. during the female sex life, approximately 400 ovarian follicles become mature;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the ovary does indeed display a cortical area with lax connective tissue, vessels, and nerves. This area is known as the ovarian cortex. This choice accurately describes the anatomical features present in the ovary.
Choice A is incorrect because not every month does a secondary follicle become a mature follicle. It is a gradual process that occurs over several cycles.
Choice C is incorrect because a mature follicle does not transform into a tertiary follicle monthly starting from puberty. Instead, a mature follicle releases an egg during ovulation.
Choice D is incorrect because the average female has around 400,000 follicles at birth, and only about 400 will become mature and be released during her reproductive years.
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A nurse goes to a high school to teach students about reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Which of the following is the best answer for providing information on the prevention of STIs?
- A. Have monogamous sex with an infected partner.
- B. Abstain from sexual activities.
- C. Wash any areas where there has been indirect contact with semen or vaginal mucus.
- D. Avoid protected sex until you and sexual partners have completed treatment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abstinence is the most effective way to prevent STIs.
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm are three tissue layers that are formed during _____________ stage.
- A. morula
- B. blastula
- C. gastrula
- D. neurula
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: gastrula. During the gastrula stage of embryonic development, the blastula undergoes a process called gastrulation, where the three primary germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - are formed. The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system and skin, the mesoderm forms muscles and organs, and the endoderm develops into the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory system. Morula (A) is an earlier stage where the zygote divides into multiple cells. Blastula (B) is the stage before gastrula where a hollow ball of cells is formed. Neurula (D) is a stage specific to vertebrate embryos where the neural tube begins to form.
A professional athlete in her mid-20s has not had a menstrual cycle for 5 years, although a bone density scan revealed normal skeletal mineralization. Which of the following facts elicited during the taking of her medical history may explain these observations?
- A. She consumes a high-carbohydrate diet
- B. Her grandmother suffered a hip fracture at age 79
- C. Her blood pressure is greater than normal
- D. Her plasma estrogen concentration is very low
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Her plasma estrogen concentration is very low. The absence of menstrual cycles in a young athlete with normal bone density suggests hypothalamic dysfunction affecting the menstrual cycle. This can result from low estrogen levels, which are essential for the regulation of menstrual cycles. Low estrogen levels can be caused by intense physical activity, leading to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Choice A is incorrect because a high-carbohydrate diet alone is unlikely to cause amenorrhea. Choice B is irrelevant to the absence of menstrual cycles and normal bone density in the athlete. Choice C, elevated blood pressure, is also unrelated to the situation described.
Which of the following changes would be expected to occur with increased binding of a hormone to plasma proteins?
- A. Increase in plasma clearance of the hormone
- B. Decrease in half-life of the hormone
- C. Increase in hormone activity
- D. Increase in degree of negative feedback exerted by the hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Increased binding of a hormone to plasma proteins reduces the concentration of free hormone in the blood.
Step 2: With decreased free hormone levels, there is less hormone available to exert its effects.
Step 3: This reduction in free hormone would lead to an increase in the degree of negative feedback exerted by the hormone to regulate its own production.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
Summary:
A: Increase in plasma clearance of the hormone - Incorrect. Increased binding to plasma proteins would decrease clearance.
B: Decrease in half-life of the hormone - Incorrect. Increased binding can prolong the half-life by protecting the hormone from degradation.
C: Increase in hormone activity - Incorrect. Increased binding reduces the availability of free hormone, decreasing its activity.
Once sperm are produced by the testes they move into and mature in the
- A. seminiferous tubes
- B. penis
- C. vas deferens
- D. epididymis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: epididymis. After being produced in the testes, sperm move into the epididymis for maturation. The epididymis provides the optimal environment for sperm storage and maturation, allowing them to gain motility and fertilization capability. The seminiferous tubes (A) are where sperm are produced, not matured. The penis (B) is the external organ for ejaculation, not maturation. The vas deferens (C) is the tube that carries mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra, not the site of sperm maturation.