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Choose the girl who is most likely to have secondary amenorrhea.
- A. Amanda, 15 years old, who is trying out for the school track team for girls
- B. Brittney, 17 years old, who is preparing for a national gymnastic tournament
- C. Chloe, 16 years old, who controls type 1 diabetes mellitus with insulin
- D. Deanna, 16 years old, who is a member of an Irish dance team
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intense physical activity and low body fat, common in gymnasts, can lead to secondary amenorrhea due to hormonal imbalances.
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Severe post-dural puncture (spinal) headache is best treated with
- A. epidural blood patch
- B. opioid analgesia
- C. caffeinated beverages
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An epidural blood patch effectively seals the dural puncture and relieves headache symptoms.
Erection of the penis occurs when:
- A. Blood is trapped within the organ's spongy tissue.
- B. Warmth allows relaxation of the perineal muscles.
- C. The number of spermatozoa reaches 250 million in the testes.
- D. The cremaster muscle relaxes on each side.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erection occurs when blood fills the spongy tissue of the penis, becoming trapped and causing rigidity.
Which patient is most likely to develop osteoporosis?
- A. A 50-year-old patient on estrogen therapy
- B. A 55-year-old patient with a sedentary lifestyle
- C. A 65-year-old patient who walks 2 miles each day
- D. A 60-year-old patient who takes supplemental calcium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Osteoporosis is more common in individuals with sedentary lifestyles due to decreased bone density from lack of weight-bearing exercise. Choice A on estrogen therapy may have lower risk. Choice C, who exercises, has a reduced risk. Choice D with calcium intake may help prevent osteoporosis but not as effective as weight-bearing exercise.
The part of the vulva that is composed of erectile tissue and is located just behind the junction of the labia minora is called the:
- A. Mons pubis
- B. Clitoris
- C. Urinary meatus
- D. Labia majora
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clitoris is composed of erectile tissue and is located just behind the junction of the labia minora.
Why might salpingitis cause infertility?
- A. The ovaries will not produce an ovum.
- B. It can cause obstruction of the lumen and marked dilation at the end of the uterine tube, preventing the ovum from entering the uterine tube.
- C. The uterus is prevented from forming a protective sac for the ovum.
- D. It causes a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which is needed to release the ovum from the ovaries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Salpingitis can cause obstruction of the uterine tube, preventing the ovum from entering and leading to infertility.