Nokea
Choose the sentence that most effectively follows the conventions of standard written English:
- A. Wilbur and Orville Wright were two brothers who tested their prototype airplane on a beach in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
- B. The two brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright, tested their prototype airplane on a beach in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
- C. The two brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright, were testing their prototype airplane on a beach in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
- D. The beach in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina was where the two brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright, came to test their prototype airplane.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. This sentence effectively follows the conventions of standard written English by clearly presenting the subject ('The two brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright') and the verb ('tested') with appropriate punctuation. Choice A introduces an unnecessary comma and could be more concise. Choice C changes the tense of the verb to 'were testing,' which is not required for the context provided. Choice D creates a more awkward sentence structure by placing the location at the beginning and using 'came and tested,' which is less direct than 'tested'. Thus, Choice B is the most effective and grammatically correct option.
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During trips to the beach, he preferred to swim at the pool, and whenever he went hiking, he avoided touching any plants for fear that they might be poison ivy.
- A. Leave it where it is now.
- B. Move the sentence so that it comes before the preceding sentence.
- C. Move the sentence to the end of the first paragraph.
- D. Omit the sentence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sentence is well-placed where it is, as it provides context to the narrative about the individual's preferences. Moving it before the preceding sentence or to the end of the first paragraph would disrupt the flow of information and may confuse the reader. Omitting the sentence would result in a gap in the story, leaving the reader questioning the individual's behavior without a clear explanation. Thus, leaving the sentence where it is now is the best choice for maintaining coherence in the narrative.
What does the prefix circum- mean in the word circumference?
- A. Beyond
- B. After
- C. Around
- D. Before
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The prefix 'circum-' means 'around,' which is the definition most related to 'circumference.' Circumference refers to the boundary that surrounds a circular shape. Choice A, 'Beyond,' is incorrect as it implies going further or exceeding a boundary. Choice B, 'After,' is not related to the concept of surrounding or encircling. Choice D, 'Before,' is also unrelated and denotes something occurring prior to a specific time or event.
Which of the following sentences demonstrates correct use of an apostrophe?
- A. In one version of the story, there are seven fairies invited to the christening, while in another version there are twelve fairies.
- B. Some historians believe that the number twelve represents the shift from a lunar year of thirteen months to a solar year of twelve months.
- C. Other historians claim that the symbolism in the fairy tale is more about nature and the shifting seasons.
- D. Regardless of its meaning, the fairy tale remains popular and has been immortalized in Tchaikovsky's music for the ballet.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C, 'Other historians claim that the symbolism in the fairy tale is more about nature and the shifting seasons,' demonstrates the correct use of an apostrophe. The apostrophe in 'season's' indicates the possessive form of 'seasons,' correctly showing ownership by the shifting seasons. Choices A, B, and D do not showcase the correct use of an apostrophe. Choice A incorrectly uses 'fairy's' instead of 'fairies,' which is the plural form of 'fairy.' Choice B uses 'historians'' which is correct for the possessive form but does not relate to the use of an apostrophe. Choice D correctly uses 'Tchaikovsky's' to indicate possession by Tchaikovsky.
While studying vocabulary, a student notices that the words circumference, circumnavigate, and circumstance all begin with the prefix 'circum'. The student uses her knowledge of affixes to infer that all of these words share what related meaning?
- A. Around, surrounding
- B. Travel, transport
- C. Size, measurement
- D. Area, location
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Around, surrounding.' The prefix 'circum-' commonly means 'around' or 'surrounding,' as observed in words like circumference (the distance around a circle), circumnavigate (to sail or travel around something), and circumstance (a condition surrounding or related to an event). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the shared meaning among these words is related to being around or surrounding, not travel, transport, size, measurement, area, or location.
Which of the following statements would require a citation?
- A. The rate of increase in gasoline prices is unprecedented.
- B. I saw on the news that gas prices are increasing.
- C. Economic Times reported that gas prices are up 11% from last month.
- D. My friend and I were shocked by how much gas cost when we filled up yesterday.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because when referencing a specific report, publication, or statistic like 'gas prices are up 11% from last month,' a citation is necessary to provide credibility and allow readers to verify the information. Choice A is a general statement about gasoline prices and does not require a citation as it is commonly known information. Choice B is a personal observation and not a direct reference to a specific source that would require a citation. Choice D is an anecdotal experience and does not present verifiable data that necessitates a citation.