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Clients taking anticholinergic drugs, such as benztropine mesylate (Cogentin), to relieve muscle tremors and muscle rigidity associated with Parkinson disease should be advised to avoid which of the following?
- A. Overheating
- B. Overeating
- C. Excessive fluid intake
- D. Skipping meals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anticholinergics like benztropine reduce sweating, increasing the risk of overheating (A). Overeating (B), excessive fluids (C), or skipping meals (D) are not directly related to anticholinergic side effects.
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The nurse is caring for a female client following the removal of the parathyroid glands. The client complains of a 'pins and needles' sensation and difficulty swallowing lunch. The nurse would expect which laboratory value to be abnormal?
- A. calcium
- B. potassium
- C. magnesium
- D. blood glucose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Parathyroidectomy can cause hypocalcemia, leading to paresthesia ('pins and needles') and dysphagia due to muscle dysfunction.
The nurse is caring for a 9-year-old child admitted with asthma. Upon the morning rounds, the nurse finds an O2 sat of 78%. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Notify the physician
- B. Do nothing; this is a normal O2 sat for a 9-year-old
- C. Apply oxygen
- D. Assess the child's pulse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An O2 sat of 78% indicates severe hypoxemia, so applying oxygen is the first action to stabilize the child.
A client with acute pancreatitis is experiencing severe abdominal pain. Which of the following orders should be questioned by the nurse?
- A. Meperidine 100 mg IM q 4 hours PRN pain
- B. Mylanta 30 ccs q 4 hours via NG
- C. Cimetadine 300 mg PO q.i.d.
- D. Morphine 8 mg IM q 4 hours PRN pain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morphine can cause sphincter of Oddi spasm, worsening pancreatitis pain, so it should be questioned; meperidine is preferred.
An 8-year-old client is returned to the recovery room after a bronchoscopy. The nurse should position the client
- A. in semi-Fowler’s position.
- B. prone, with the head turned to the side.
- C. with the head of the bed elevated 45° and the neck extended.
- D. supine, with the head in the midline position.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: check vital signs every 15 minutes until stable, assess for respiratory difficulty (stridor and dyspnea resulting from laryngeal edema or laryngospasm)
The nurse is talking to a client and his family about hepatitis. Which of the following statements by a family member indicate understanding of the nurse's teaching? Select all that apply.
- A. Hepatitis D only occurs with hepatitis B.
- B. Hepatitis A can occur at any time of the year.
- C. Hepatitis D is transmitted through contaminated drinking water.
- D. Hepatitis A can be spread by uncooked shellfish and contaminated water or milk.
- E. Hepatitis B is spread by contact with blood or body fluids, sexual contact, or sharing dirty needles.
Correct Answer: A, B, D, E
Rationale: Hepatitis D requires hepatitis B, hepatitis A is year-round and spread via contaminated food/water, and hepatitis B is transmitted through blood/body fluids. Hepatitis D is not waterborne.