Nokea
Clients with sickle cell anemia are taught to avoid activities that cause hypoxia and hypoxemia. Which of the following activities would the nurse recommend?
- A. A family vacation in the Rocky Mountains
- B. Chaperoning the local boys club on a snow-skiing trip
- C. Traveling by airplane for business trips
- D. A bus trip to the Museum of Natural History
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A bus trip to a museum is a low-exertion activity at sea level, minimizing the risk of hypoxia compared to high-altitude or strenuous activities.
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A client is admitted with a blood alcohol level of 180 mg/dL. The nurse recognizes that the alcohol in the client's system should be fully metabolized within:
- A. 3 hours
- B. 5 hours
- C. 7 hours
- D. 9 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A blood alcohol level of 180 mg/dL (0.18%) typically takes about 9 hours to metabolize, assuming a metabolism rate of 0.02% per hour.
A client with cancer is to undergo an intravenous pyelogram. The nurse should:
- A. Force fluids 24 hours before the procedure
- B. Ask the client to void immediately before the study
- C. Hold medication that affects the central nervous system for 12 hours pre- and post-test
- D. Cover the client's reproductive organs with an x-ray shield.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Voiding immediately before an IVP ensures the bladder is empty, improving visualization of the urinary tract.
After several hospitalizations for respiratory ailments, a 6-month-old has been diagnosed as having HIV. The infant's respiratory ailments were most likely due to:
- A. Pneumocystis carinii
- B. Cytomegalovirus
- C. Cryptosporidiosis
- D. Herpes simplex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pneumocystis carinii (now Pneumocystis jirovecii) is a common cause of pneumonia in HIV-infected infants.
The physician has ordered a blood test for H. pylori. The nurse should prepare the client by:
- A. Withholding oral intake after midnight
- B. Telling the client that no special preparation is needed
- C. Explaining that a small dose of radioactive isotope will be used
- D. Giving an oral suspension of glucose 1 hour before the test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A blood test for H. pylori requires no special preparation, such as fasting or administration of substances.
A student nurse is assigned to change a patient's dressing. The soiled bandage is saturated with bright red blood. How should the student nurse dispose of the bandage?
- A. in the hallway sharps container
- B. in a labeled or color-coded biohazard bag
- C. in the trash, but it must be double bagged
- D. in the trash can in the patient's room
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood-saturated bandages are biohazardous and must be disposed of in a labeled biohazard bag to prevent infection transmission.