Nokea
Clinical diagnosis of polyhydramnios is based on an excessive amount of amniotic fluid exceeding
- A. 1500 ml
- B. 2500 ml
- C. 1900 ml
- D. 3000 ml
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 3000 ml. Polyhydramnios is diagnosed when the amniotic fluid volume exceeds 2000 to 3000 ml. This is because amniotic fluid serves important functions in protecting the fetus and aiding in fetal movements. Having an excessively high volume can lead to complications such as preterm labor, fetal malpresentation, and placental abruption. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not fall within the range typically used to diagnose polyhydramnios. A: 1500 ml and C: 1900 ml are below the threshold, while B: 2500 ml is at the lower end but still not exceeding the diagnostic range for polyhydramnios.
You may also like to solve these questions
Placenta praevia is also referred to as unavoidable haemorrhage because
- A. Bleeding results as the segment prepares for true labour
- B. Bleeding results from pathological processes of the placenta
- C. Bleeding always occurs after a gestation of 37 complete weeks
- D. Of the high morbidity and mortality rate to the mother and neonate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because placenta praevia can lead to life-threatening bleeding during labor due to the placenta partially or completely covering the cervix. This condition poses a high risk of morbidity and mortality to both the mother and the baby.
A: Incorrect. Bleeding in placenta praevia is not related to the segment preparing for labor.
B: Incorrect. While bleeding is due to placental issues, it is specifically due to the placenta's abnormal positioning, not a pathological process.
C: Incorrect. Bleeding can occur before 37 weeks in cases of placenta praevia, and the timing of bleeding is not linked to gestational age.
Chemical diabetes mellitus is a classification based on
- A. Symptom are absent and abnormal specific laboratory results
- B. Presence of symptoms and abnormal specific laboratory results
- C. Previous congenital abnormalities and unexplained stillbirth
- D. Previous birth of a baby weighing >4.3kg and spontaneous abortion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Symptom are absent and abnormal specific laboratory results. Chemical diabetes mellitus refers to a condition where there are abnormal specific laboratory results indicating diabetes without the presence of any symptoms. This classification is based on objective data from laboratory tests rather than subjective symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the definition of chemical diabetes mellitus, which focuses on laboratory results rather than symptoms, congenital abnormalities, or pregnancy outcomes.
The presenting diameter in brow presentation is
- A. Mentovertical
- B. Submentobregmatic
- C. Suboccipitofrontal
- D. Occipitalfrontal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presenting diameter in brow presentation is the suboccipitofrontal diameter. This is because in brow presentation, the fetal head is in a deflexed position, with the largest diameter being from the subocciput (back of the head) to the frontal bone (forehead). This allows the head to enter the pelvis in the transverse diameter.
A: Mentovertical - This refers to the chin to the top of the head, not the correct diameter for brow presentation.
B: Submentobregmatic - This refers to the chin to the bregma, not the correct diameter for brow presentation.
D: Occipitalfrontal - This refers to the back of the head to the forehead, not the correct diameter for brow presentation.
Prolonged second stage of labor in nulliparous women is labor for more than
- A. 1 hour
- B. 2 hours
- C. 4 hours
- D. 8 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 4 hours. This is based on the definition of prolonged second stage in nulliparous women, which is labor lasting more than 4 hours. This duration is considered abnormal and may lead to increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. Choice A (1 hour) is too short and does not meet the criteria for prolonged second stage. Choice B (2 hours) is also insufficient based on the established timeframe. Choice D (8 hours) exceeds the duration for prolonged second stage, indicating a more advanced stage of labor. Therefore, the most appropriate and accurate timeframe for prolonged second stage in nulliparous women is 4 hours.
Mr. Jefferson is a 59-year-old male who presents to the emergency department complaining of severe abdominal pain. His medical history is significant for dyslipidemia, and he takes 40 mgof simvastatin daily. He admits to drinking 6 to 10 bottles of beer nightly and to smoking 1 packs of cigarettes a day. He denies any history of chest pain or cardiovascular disease. He was in his usual state of good health until a couple of hours ago, when he developed this acute onset of severe pain in the upper abdomen. He says that he tried to wait it out at home but it was so bad he finally came in. His vital signs are as follows temperature 99.1F, pulse 129 bpm, respirations 22 breaths per minute, and blood pressure 13784 mm Hg. The abdomen is diffusely tender to palpation with some guarding but no rebound tenderness. The AGACNP anticipates that which of the following laboratory tests will be abnormal?
- A. A complete blood count and RBC differential
- B. Liver function enzymes
- C. Serum amylase, lipase, and glucose
- D. A basic metabolic panel
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A complete blood count and RBC differential. In this case, Mr. Jefferson presents with severe abdominal pain, which could indicate various conditions like pancreatitis, a possible complication of his heavy drinking. A complete blood count (CBC) with RBC differential can help assess for signs of inflammation or infection, which may be elevated in conditions like pancreatitis. The RBC differential can also provide insights into potential causes of abdominal pain, such as anemia or other blood disorders.
Summary:
- B: Liver function enzymes may be affected in conditions like alcoholic liver disease, but in this case, the focus should be on investigating acute abdominal pain.
- C: Serum amylase, lipase, and glucose are typically checked in cases of suspected pancreatitis, but a CBC with RBC differential would provide a more comprehensive initial assessment.
- D: A basic metabolic panel may not directly address the underlying cause of the acute abdominal pain and is not the most appropriate test to anticipate