Nokea
Clubbing is found in:
- A. Crohn's disease
- B. Bronchiectasis
- C. Rheumatic fever
- D. Infective endocarditis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clubbing is commonly associated with chronic respiratory conditions such as bronchiectasis, due to chronic hypoxia and inflammation.
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What are FOUR possible differential diagnoses associated with aortopathy in a child, aside from Marfan’s?
- A. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (vascular type IV)
- B. Bicuspid aortic valve
- C. Takayasu Arteritis
- D. Unrepaired coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These are potential differential diagnoses associated with aortopathy in children, aside from Marfan’s syndrome, which is a common condition linked to aortic dilation.
A child born with Down syndrome should be evaluated for which associated cardiac manifestation?
- A. Congenital heart defect (CHD)
- B. Systemic hypertension
- C. Hyperlipidemia
- D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CHD is found frequently in children with Down syndrome.
The nurse is preparing an adolescent for discharge after a cardiac catheterization. Which statement by the adolescent would indicate a need for further teaching?
- A. “I should avoid tub baths but may shower.â€
- B. “I have to stay on strict bed rest for 3 days.â€
- C. “I should remove the pressure dressing the day after the procedure.â€
- D. “I may attend school but should avoid exercise for several days.â€
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The child does not need to be on strict bed rest for 3 days. Showers are recommended; children should avoid a tub bath. The pressure dressing is removed the day after the catheterization and replaced by an adhesive bandage to keep the area clean. Strenuous activity must be avoided for several days, but the child can return to school.
What are THREE long-term complications in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot?
- A. Arrhythmia
- B. Pulmonary valve insufficiency
- C. Sudden Death
- D. Recurrent PS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot are at risk of long-term complications such as recurrent pulmonary stenosis, arrhythmias, and valve insufficiencies.
In the treatment of hypothyroidism in children:
- A. Levodopa is the treatment of choice
- B. Levothyroxine should be used
- C. Triiodothyronine is the first line treatment
- D. Carbimazole is indicated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism, as it replaces the deficient thyroid hormone and helps normalize metabolic functions.