Exam 4 Psychology 101

Exam 4 Psychology 101 Related

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Colleen found herself attracted to her psychology instructor. She would frequently go by his office just to be near him. When he didn't respond to her advances, Colleen eventually told him that she had thoughts of killing herself so that he would spend time trying to counsel her. What personality disorder best describes Colleen's thinking and behavior?

  • A. Borderline personality disorder
  • B. Schizoid personality disorder
  • C. Schizotypal personality disorder
  • D. Antisocial personality disorder
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Colleen's behavior of seeking attention and manipulating others by threatening self-harm to elicit a response from her psychology instructor aligns with the characteristics of borderline personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by unstable relationships, impulsive actions, and efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not match Colleen's behavior as described in the scenario. Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, Schizotypal personality disorder involves social anxiety and odd behavior, and Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' feelings and violating their rights.

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David believes that characters in a popular science fiction show are secretly sending him messages. This would be an example of a delusion of?

  • A. Persecution
  • B. Influence
  • C. Reference
  • D. Grandeur
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reference. A delusion of reference is when an individual believes that external events or characters are sending them personal messages. In this scenario, David's belief that characters from the science fiction show are sending him messages aligns with a delusion of reference. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because persecution delusions involve feeling targeted or harassed, influence delusions involve believing external forces are controlling one's thoughts or actions, and grandeur delusions involve an exaggerated sense of importance or power.

What term refers to the awareness that other people have their own intentions, desires, wants, and motives?

  • A. Theory of mind
  • B. Theory of personality
  • C. Theory of being
  • D. Theory of awareness
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Theory of mind.' Theory of mind is the understanding that others have their own thoughts, feelings, and intentions. This ability allows individuals to attribute mental states to others, enabling them to understand and predict behavior based on those mental states. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not specifically address the awareness of others' intentions, desires, wants, and motives.

What research method involves researchers using interviews and/or questionnaires to collect data about attitudes, interests, values, and various kinds of behaviors?

  • A. Case study
  • B. Survey
  • C. Naturalistic observation
  • D. Correlational study
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Survey. A survey is a research method where data is collected through interviews or questionnaires about various behaviors and attitudes. In a case study (choice A), researchers closely examine a particular individual or group. Naturalistic observation (choice C) involves observing subjects in their natural environment. Correlational study (choice D) examines the relationship between two variables but does not involve collecting data through interviews or questionnaires.

The cognitive perspective contends that to fully understand human behavior, psychologists need to focus attention on?

  • A. The role of the unconscious.
  • B. Internal mental events.
  • C. The interrelations among the mind, body, and behavior.
  • D. The adaptive value of a behavior.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The cognitive perspective emphasizes understanding human behavior by focusing on internal mental events such as thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions. This helps in explaining how individuals process information, solve problems, and make decisions. Choice A, the role of the unconscious, is associated with psychoanalytic theory rather than the cognitive perspective. Choice C, the interrelations among the mind, body, and behavior, is more aligned with a holistic or biopsychosocial perspective. Choice D, the adaptive value of a behavior, is more related to evolutionary psychology rather than the cognitive perspective.

Which of the following is true about subjective distress?

  • A. All individuals with mental illness experience some degree of distress
  • B. Distress is the only criterion in diagnosing abnormality
  • C. Its presence is enough for a clinician to determine if someone has a mental illness
  • D. Some individuals with a mental disorder may not experience subjective distress
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Subjective distress is not universal among individuals with a mental disorder. Choice A is incorrect as not all individuals with mental illness experience distress. Choice B is incorrect because distress is just one of the criteria used in diagnosing abnormality, not the only one. Choice C is incorrect because the presence of subjective distress alone is not sufficient for a clinician to determine if someone has a mental illness.

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