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College freshman are participating in a study abroad program. When teaching them about hepatitis B, the nurse should instruct the students on:
- A. Water sanitation.
- B. Single dormitory rooms.
- C. Vaccine for hepatitis B.
- D. Safe sexual practices.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hepatitis B is transmitted via blood and body fluids, so safe sexual practices (D) are critical for prevention. Water sanitation (A) is more relevant for hepatitis A. Single rooms (B) are unnecessary. The vaccine (C) is preventive but not the focus of behavioral instruction.
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The client has a sustained increased intracranial pressure (ICP) of 20 mm Hg. Which client position would be most appropriate?
- A. The head of the bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees.
- B. Trendelenburg's position.
- C. Left Sims position.
- D. The head elevated on two pillows.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees promotes venous drainage from the brain, reducing ICP. Trendelenburg's position increases ICP by impeding venous return, Sims position is unrelated to ICP management, and pillows may not ensure consistent elevation or neutral neck alignment.
The nurse administers theophylline (TheoDur) to a client. To evaluate the effectiveness of this medication, which of the following drug actions should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Suppression of the client's respiratory infection.
- B. Decrease in bronchial secretions.
- C. Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.
- D. Thinning of tenacious, purulent sputum.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Theophylline relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, relieving bronchospasm in COPD. It does not suppress infection, reduce secretions, or thin sputum.
A client is scheduled for a renal ultrasound. The nurse explains that:
- A. Contrast dye is used.
- B. No preparation is needed.
- C. Fasting is required.
- D. A sedative is given.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal ultrasound is non-invasive and requires no special preparation.
A client is scheduled to have an arteriogram. During the arteriogram, the client reports having nausea, tingling, and dyspnea. The nurse's immediate action should be:
- A. Administer epinephrine
- B. Inform the physician
- C. Administer oxygen
- D. Inform the client that the procedure is almost over
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nausea, tingling, and dyspnea during an arteriogram suggest a possible allergic reaction to the contrast dye or other complications (e.g., vasovagal response). The nurse should immediately inform the physician to evaluate and manage the situation. Administering epinephrine or oxygen requires a physician's order, and reassuring the client is inappropriate until the issue is addressed.
The nurse is preparing to teach a client with microcytic hypochromic anemia about the diet to follow after discharge. Which of the following foods should be included in the diet?
- A. Eggs.
- B. Lettuce.
- C. Citrus fruits.
- D. Cheese.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Microcytic hypochromic anemia is often caused by iron deficiency. Eggs are a good source of dietary iron, particularly heme iron, which is well-absorbed by the body. Lettuce and citrus fruits do not provide significant iron, though citrus fruits can enhance iron absorption when consumed with iron-rich foods. Cheese is not a significant source of iron. Therefore, eggs should be included in the diet.