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Communicating with parents and children about health care has become increasingly significant because:
- A. Consumers of health care cannot keep up with rapid advances in science.
- B. The influence of the media and specialization have increased the complexity of managing health.
- C. Nurse educators have recognized the value of communication.
- D. Clients are more demanding that their rights be respected.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Media influence and medical specialization have increased healthcare complexity, making clear communication essential to ensure understanding and informed decision-making.
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A client with a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis is prescribed pyridostigmine (Mestinon). The nurse should teach the client to take the medication:
- A. On an empty stomach.
- B. With meals to reduce side effects.
- C. At bedtime to promote sleep.
- D. As needed for muscle weakness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pyridostigmine should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects like nausea.
A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reports chest discomfort that feels like heartburn, especially following each meal. After teaching the client to take antacids as prescribed, the nurse suggests that the client lie in which position during sleep?
- A. Prone with the head of the bed flat
- B. Supine with the head of the bed flat
- C. On the left side with the head of the bed flat
- D. With the head of the bed elevated 8 to 12 inches
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The discomfort of reflux is aggravated by positions that allow the reflux of gastrointestinal contents. The client is instructed to remain upright for 1 to 2 hours after a meal and sleep with the head of the bed elevated to approximately 30 degrees (usually on 8- to 12-inch blocks). Lying flat will increase the episodes of reflux, resulting in chest discomfort.
The nurse is performing routine tracheostomy care. Which of the following steps would be appropriate for the nurse to include in the performance of the procedure?
- A. Remove the inner cannula every 2 hours for cleaning.
- B. Secure the tracheostomy ties with a square knot.
- C. Use cut gauze under the neck plate to protect the skin.
- D. Suction the inner cannula on completion of the procedure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Securing tracheostomy ties with a square knot ensures stability and safety. Frequent cannula removal is unnecessary, cut gauze may fray, and suctioning is done as needed, not routinely.
A client with a history of type 2 diabetes is prescribed sitagliptin (Januvia). The nurse should instruct the client to:
- A. Take the medication with meals.
- B. Monitor for signs of pancreatitis.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Stop the medication if blood glucose normalizes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sitagliptin can cause pancreatitis, requiring monitoring for abdominal pain.
A client with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is prescribed levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet). The nurse should teach the client that this medication works by:
- A. Reducing muscle spasms.
- B. Increasing dopamine levels in the brain.
- C. Blocking acetylcholine receptors.
- D. Decreasing serotonin levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levodopa-carbidopa increases dopamine levels in the brain, helping to alleviate Parkinson's symptoms.