Nokea
Complement C3 levels are decreased in:
- A. Systemic lupus erythematoses
- B. Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
- C. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
- D. Type II membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased C3 levels are characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus due to immune complex deposition and complement consumption.
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Nystagmus can be a presenting sign in:
- A. Partial albinism
- B. Retinopathy of prematurity
- C. Acute vestibulitis
- D. Medulloblastoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medulloblastoma, a type of brain tumor, can present with nystagmus due to its impact on the cerebellum and brainstem.
In urgent situations of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) when symptoms of severe heart failure have already occurred, the initial management is
- A. adenosine by rapid intravenous push
- B. DC cardioversion
- C. verapamil
- D. digoxin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DC cardioversion is the preferred initial management in hemodynamically unstable SVT.
Medical treatment of myasthenia gravis includes:
- A. Thymectomy
- B. Physostigmine
- C. Edrophonium
- D. Anticholinergic agents
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Edrophonium: Edrophonium is used in the diagnosis and short-term treatment of myasthenia gravis as it improves neuromuscular transmission by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.
Regarding insulin administration in diabetics:
- A. Short-acting insulin reaches peak action in 4-6 hours after injection
- B. In a twice daily regimen involving Mixtard 30 or Humulin M3, the bedtime reading is an effect of the long-acting component
- C. A bedtime blood sugar level of 10 mmol/l is unacceptable
- D. Using the same site for injections is a common cause of increasing insulin dosage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The bedtime reading in a twice-daily regimen involving Mixtard 30 or Humulin M3 is influenced by the long-acting component, which has a prolonged effect.
In assessing a client with ulcers on the lower extremity, which findings indicate that the ulcers are likely to be of venous, rather than arterial, origin?
- A. Black ulcers and dependent rubor
- B. Irregular ulcer shapes and severe edema
- C. Absent pedal pulses and shiny skin
- D. Hairless lower extremities and cool feet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Venous ulcers are typically irregular in shape and associated with severe edema, while arterial ulcers are more likely to present with absent pulses and cool extremities.