Nokea
Conditions that promote disease or injury and prevent people from realizing their health potential are termed as:
- A. Aggregate of people
- B. Health threats
- C. Health need
- D. Foreseeable crisis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Health threats. Health threats refer to conditions that can cause disease or injury and hinder individuals from achieving their optimal health. This term encompasses various factors such as environmental hazards, lifestyle choices, and genetic predispositions. Choosing A (Aggregate of people) is incorrect because it refers to a group of individuals rather than specific conditions affecting health. Option C (Health need) is incorrect as it focuses on the necessity for healthcare services rather than the factors causing disease. Option D (Foreseeable crisis) is incorrect as it does not specifically address the conditions hindering health potential. Thus, B is the correct answer as it directly relates to the concept of promoting disease and injury prevention.
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In which declaration was the concept of Primary Health Care discussed?
- A. Alma Ata Declaration
- B. Declaration of Helsinki
- C. Declaration of Human Rights
- D. Declaration of Ottawa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alma Ata Declaration. This declaration, adopted in 1978, specifically focused on the concept of Primary Health Care (PHC). It emphasized the importance of addressing basic healthcare needs, promoting community participation, and integrating healthcare services. The Declaration of Helsinki (B) pertains to medical research ethics, not primary health care. The Declaration of Human Rights (C) addresses fundamental human rights, not healthcare. The Declaration of Ottawa (D) is related to health promotion, not primary health care.
All of the following are objectives of FHSIS except:
- A. To complete the clinical picture of chronic diseases and describe their natural history
- B. To provide a standardized, facility-level database that can be accessed for more in-depth studies
- C. To minimize recording and reporting burden, allowing more time for patient care and promotive activities
- D. To ensure that reported data are useful, accurate, and disseminated in a timely and easy-to-use fashion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "To complete the clinical picture of chronic diseases and describe their natural history." This objective is not typically a primary focus of the Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS). The main purpose of FHSIS is to collect and provide standardized, facility-level data for monitoring and evaluation of health programs.
Rationale:
A: Incorrect. Completing the clinical picture of chronic diseases is more aligned with clinical research and patient care, not with the primary objective of FHSIS.
B: Incorrect. Providing a standardized database for more in-depth studies is a key objective of FHSIS, enabling researchers to access and analyze data.
C: Incorrect. Minimizing recording burden and allowing more time for patient care is a potential benefit of FHSIS, but not its primary objective.
D: Incorrect. Ensuring useful, accurate, and timely data dissemination is a core objective of FHSIS to support evidence-based decision-making.
Which of the following are core functions of public health?
- A. Assessment
- B. Policy development
- C. Assurance
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, All of the above. Assessment involves collecting and analyzing data to understand health issues. Policy development focuses on creating and implementing strategies to address public health concerns. Assurance ensures that necessary health services are provided to the community. All three functions are essential in public health to assess needs, develop effective policies, and ensure implementation. Choices A, B, and C are all core functions of public health, making option D the correct answer.
Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (D.O.T.S.) can do all of the following except:
- A. Stop resistance to anti-TB drugs
- B. Cure TB patients
- C. Require hospitalization
- D. Prevent new infection among children and adults
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Require hospitalization. D.O.T.S. is an outpatient treatment strategy for tuberculosis. Hospitalization is not a requirement for D.O.T.S. as patients receive medication under direct observation in a community setting. This approach helps to ensure medication adherence, stops resistance to anti-TB drugs, cures TB patients, and prevents new infections among children and adults. In summary, D.O.T.S. does not involve hospitalization and is an effective outpatient strategy for TB treatment.
A community hospital is an example of which level of health care?
- A. Secondary level of care
- B. Tertiary level of care
- C. Primary level of care
- D. Intermediate level of care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Secondary level of care. A community hospital provides specialized services beyond primary care (like emergency care and some specialist services) but does not offer the highly specialized and complex treatments provided by tertiary care facilities (B). Primary care (C) focuses on preventive care and basic treatment. Intermediate level of care (D) is not a recognized level of healthcare. Therefore, a community hospital fits best under the secondary level of care as it offers more specialized services than primary care but less complex treatments than tertiary care facilities.