Nokea
Congenital heart disease causing cyanosis without respiratory distress include EXCEPT
- A. tricuspid atresia
- B. aortic stenosis
- C. Ebstein anomaly
- D. pulmonary atresia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tricuspid atresia, Ebstein anomaly, and pulmonary atresia can cause cyanosis without respiratory distress, while aortic stenosis typically does not.
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List FOUR differential diagnoses aside from aortic coarctation for a two-week old infant presenting with tachypnea and poor femoral pulses.
- A. Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy
- B. Critical aortic stenosis
- C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Differential diagnoses in such cases can include non-structural heart conditions like tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy, which affects the heart's ability to pump effectively.
The reason that the hematocrit is so high is
- A. chronic hypoxia
- B. it was taken in a low cardiac output state
- C. it was a peripheral finger stick
- D. embolic stroke
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic hypoxia leads to secondary polycythemia as a compensatory mechanism.
Among the following Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus has the highest resistance to
- A. Cephalexin
- B. Clindamycin
- C. Erythromycin
- D. Doxycycline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus has shown the highest resistance to erythromycin.
A grade II vibratory, mid-systolic murmur at the mid sternal border in a 4-year-old child that is louder when the child is supine is most likely which type of murmur?
- A. Pathologic murmur
- B. Pulmonary flow murmur
- C. Still's murmur
- D. Venous hum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A Still's murmur is characterized by a vibratory or musical low-grade sound, along the sternal border, which is louder when the child is supine or during inspiration.
Acetazolamide:
- A. Is used in the management of renal tubular acidosis
- B. Causes hypokalaemia
- C. Is usually given intravenously
- D. Inhibits the action of carbonic anhydrase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhibits the action of carbonic anhydrase: Acetazolamide works by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, reducing the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the kidneys and helping with conditions like glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis, and altitude sickness.