Nokea
Congenital heart disease causing cyanosis without respiratory distress include EXCEPT
- A. tricuspid atresia
- B. aortic stenosis
- C. Ebstein anomaly
- D. pulmonary atresia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tricuspid atresia, Ebstein anomaly, and pulmonary atresia can cause cyanosis without respiratory distress, while aortic stenosis typically does not.
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Accepted maintenance treatment for chronic asthma includes the following:
- A. High-dose inhaled steroids and long-acting bronchodilators
- B. Montelucast
- C. Montelucast and inhaled steroids
- D. Long-acting ~2-agonists alone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because high-dose inhaled steroids and long-acting bronchodilators are the mainstay of chronic asthma management. The other options (b-e) are less commonly used or not first-line.
A 2-year-old child should be able to:
- A. Name three colours correctly
- B. Use plurals
- C. Build a tower of five blocks
- D. Kick a ball on request
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 2-year-old can typically build a tower of five blocks. Naming colors and using plurals are more advanced skills, and kicking a ball is variable.
A nurse assesses clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?
- A. An 86-year-old man with a history of asthma
- B. A 32-year-old Asian-American man with colorectal cancer
- C. A 45-year-old American Indian woman with diabetes mellitus
- D. A 53-year-old postmenopausal woman who is on hormone therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the 45-year-old American Indian woman with diabetes mellitus has the highest risk among the options provided.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a school-age child who had complete repair of a tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) defect in infancy. What is important in this child's health maintenance regime?
- A. Cardiology clearance for sports participation
- B. Restriction of physical activity to avoid pulmonary complications
- C. Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis precautions
- D. Teaching about management of hypercyanotic episodes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children who have had TOF repair must be cleared by cardiology before participation in sports.
A nurse assesses a client 2 hours after a cardiac angiography via the left femoral artery. The nurse notes that the left pedal pulse is weak. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Elevate the leg and apply a sandbag to the entrance site.
- B. Increase the flow rate of intravenous fluids.
- C. Assess the color and temperature of the left leg.
- D. Document the finding as the left pedal pulse of +1/4.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A weak pedal pulse after cardiac angiography may indicate compromised blood flow. Assessing the color and temperature of the leg helps determine if there is ischemia or other complications.