Nokea
Consider these three drugs: divalproex (Depakote), carbamazepine (Tegretol), gabapentin (Neurontin). Which drug also belongs with this group?
- A. Clonazepam (Klonopin)
- B. Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
- C. Risperidone (Risperdal)
- D. Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lamotrigine (Lamictal). All the drugs listed are commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy and mood disorders. Lamotrigine is often prescribed alongside divalproex, carbamazepine, and gabapentin as a mood stabilizer and antiepileptic medication. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain and preventing seizures. Clonazepam (A) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and seizures, not in the same class as the other drugs. Risperidone (C) and Aripiprazole (D) are antipsychotics used for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, not primarily for epilepsy.
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A woman was bound, taken to a remote location, and raped at gunpoint. When found, she was examined and treated in the emergency department. Which aspect of this crisis produced the greatest amount of psychological trauma?
- A. The threat to her life
- B. Collection of evidence
- C. Physical pain experienced
- D. Being in a remote location
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The threat to her life. This aspect produced the greatest psychological trauma as the fear of losing one's life triggers intense emotional distress and long-lasting psychological effects such as anxiety and PTSD. The threat of death during a traumatic event can lead to profound feelings of helplessness and vulnerability. In comparison, while the other aspects (B: Collection of evidence, C: Physical pain experienced, D: Being in a remote location) also contribute to the trauma experienced, they do not elicit the same level of fear and existential threat as the possibility of losing one's life.
Disturbed body image is the nursing diagnosis for a patient with an eating disorder. Which outcome indicator is most applicable to this diagnosis?
- A. Weight, muscle, and fat congruence with height, frame, age, and sex.
- B. Calorie intake within required parameters of treatment plan.
- C. Weight at established normal range for the patient.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because disturbed body image in an eating disorder patient involves a discrepancy between their perceived body image and reality. Monitoring weight, muscle, and fat congruence with height, frame, age, and sex helps assess if the patient's perception aligns with their actual physical state. Choice B focuses solely on calorie intake, which does not directly address body image perception. Choice C only considers weight, neglecting the importance of muscle and fat distribution in body image perception. Choice D is incorrect as option A is the most relevant outcome indicator for disturbed body image in this scenario.
Which information should the nurse include when teaching a client with a personality disorder?
- A. Journal writing will help you recognize feeling states.'
- B. Try problem solving independently to help with difficult relationships.'
- C. Identify people and circumstances that create conflict; then avoid them.'
- D. Try to alleviate behaviors that cause problems relating with others.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because journal writing can help individuals with personality disorders recognize and better understand their emotions, leading to improved self-awareness and emotional regulation. This can be a useful tool in therapy and self-management.
Choice B is incorrect because individuals with personality disorders often struggle with interpersonal relationships and might benefit from seeking support or guidance rather than attempting to solve problems independently.
Choice C is incorrect because avoidance does not address the underlying issues and can lead to isolation and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Choice D is incorrect because simply trying to alleviate problematic behaviors without addressing the underlying emotional issues may not lead to long-term improvement in relationships.
A client with dementia is unable to name ordinary objects. Instead, he describes the function of each item (e.g., 'the thing you cut meat with'). The nurse should assess this as:
- A. Apraxia
- B. Agnosia
- C. Aphasia
- D. Amnesia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Agnosia. Agnosia is the inability to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function. In this case, the client can describe the function of objects but cannot name them, indicating a deficit in object recognition. Apraxia (choice A) is the inability to perform learned movements, aphasia (choice C) is a language impairment, and amnesia (choice D) is memory loss, none of which fully explain the client's presentation.
A nurse would attempt to reduce nighttime agitation for a patient with either delirium or dementia by:
- A. giving warm milk as a snack at bedtime.
- B. keeping a soft light on in the patient's room.
- C. placing a large-faced lighted alarm clock opposite the bed.
- D. hanging family pictures near enough to the bed to be easily seen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: keeping a soft light on in the patient's room. This helps to reduce nighttime agitation by providing a soothing environment without complete darkness, which can cause confusion and disorientation in patients with delirium or dementia. Warm milk (A) may not address the underlying cause of agitation. A large-faced lighted alarm clock (C) may be distracting and increase confusion. Family pictures (D) may not directly impact nighttime agitation and could potentially overstimulate the patient.