Nokea
Contractions that mix material in the small intestine are called
- A. peristalsis.
- B. deglutition.
- C. mass movements
- D. segmental contractions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: segmental contractions. Segmental contractions mix material in the small intestine by contracting and relaxing specific segments of the intestine to mix and move the contents. This process helps with digestion and nutrient absorption.
A: Peristalsis refers to the wave-like muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive system, not mixing.
B: Deglutition is the process of swallowing food, not mixing it in the small intestine.
C: Mass movements are large contractions that move material through the large intestine, not the small intestine where mixing occurs.
You may also like to solve these questions
The pancreas produces all of the following except which one?
- A. amylase
- B. lipase
- C. insulin
- D. bile
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bile. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase and lipase to break down carbohydrates and fats. It also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Bile, however, is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not by the pancreas. Therefore, the pancreas does not produce bile. This makes option D the correct answer.
What is the priority action when caring for a patient with acute cholecystitis and suspected perforation?
- A. Prepare for surgery immediately.
- B. Administer IV fluids and pain medication.
- C. Administer antibiotics as ordered.
- D. Monitor the patient's vital signs closely for signs of shock.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prepare for surgery immediately. This is the priority action because acute cholecystitis with suspected perforation is a surgical emergency that requires prompt intervention to prevent serious complications such as sepsis. Surgery is needed to remove the inflamed gallbladder and repair any perforation. Administering IV fluids, pain medication, and antibiotics are important supportive measures but do not address the underlying issue. Monitoring vital signs is also crucial, but immediate surgical intervention takes precedence in this critical situation.
Which part(s) of the pharynx normally conduct food?
- A. oropharynx only
- B. oropharynx, laryngopharynx and nasopharynx
- C. nasopharynx only
- D. oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
1. The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are parts of the pharynx involved in the digestive system.
2. The oropharynx receives food from the mouth, while the laryngopharynx leads to the esophagus.
3. The nasopharynx is not involved in food digestion, it connects to the nasal cavity.
4. The laryngopharynx is crucial in guiding food towards the esophagus.
Summary:
A: Incorrect, as the oropharynx alone does not cover the entire pathway of food.
B: Incorrect, as the nasopharynx is not involved in food passage.
C: Incorrect, as it excludes the laryngopharynx which is essential for food digestion.
A two-week-old boy develops persistent projectile vomiting. The most likely diagnosis is:
- A. pyloric stenosis
- B. esophageal atresia
- C. annular pancreas
- D. incomplete rotation of the gut
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pyloric stenosis. In pyloric stenosis, there is hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter muscle, leading to gastric outlet obstruction and projectile vomiting. This typically presents in infants around 2-6 weeks of age. Other choices (B) esophageal atresia presents with difficulty feeding and choking, (C) annular pancreas with duodenal obstruction, and (D) incomplete rotation of the gut with volvulus or obstruction due to malrotation. Pyloric stenosis is the most likely diagnosis in this scenario based on the age of the infant and the symptom of projectile vomiting.
The nurse is caring for a patient who returns to the floor at lunchtime after undergoing an upper GI (UGI) series. Which action is most important for the nurse to perform first?
- A. Administer a laxative.
- B. Educate the patient about the possibility of white stools.
- C. Offer the patient a small snack.
- D. Provide oral care.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer a laxative. After an upper GI series, it is important to help the patient eliminate the contrast dye used during the procedure. Administering a laxative will facilitate the removal of the dye from the gastrointestinal tract. This is crucial to prevent any potential complications or adverse effects from the contrast dye.
Explanation for incorrect choices:
B: Educating the patient about the possibility of white stools is not the most immediate concern after an upper GI series. While this information is important for the patient to know, it is not the most urgent action to take.
C: Offering the patient a small snack may be appropriate after the procedure, but ensuring the elimination of the contrast dye through a laxative is more critical.
D: Providing oral care is important for overall patient comfort and hygiene, but it is not the priority immediately following an upper GI series.