Nokea
Contributing features to renal osteodystrophy include:
- A. Hypophosphataemia
- B. Hyperparathyroidism
- C. Increased loss of calcium in the kidney
- D. Hypoalbuminaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism is a key contributor to renal osteodystrophy due to secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease.
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A 4-year-old child presents to the clinic with a history of persistent dry cough and wheezing. What is the nurse’s primary concern?
- A. Allergic reaction
- B. Asthma exacerbation
- C. Respiratory infection
- D. Acute bronchiolitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wheezing and persistent dry cough are hallmark symptoms of asthma exacerbation, which is the nurse's primary concern.
The following diseases have diagnostic EEG findings:
- A. Petit mal epilepsy
- B. Infantile spasms
- C. Acute measles encephalopathy
- D. Herpes encephalitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infantile spasms, also known as West syndrome, have a characteristic EEG pattern called hypsarrhythmia, which is diagnostic.
A nurse assesses a client who is recovering after a left-sided cardiac catheterization. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Urinary output less than intake
- B. Bruising at the insertion site
- C. Slurred speech and confusion
- D. Discomfort in the left leg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Slurred speech and confusion may indicate a neurological complication, such as a stroke, which requires immediate intervention.
A client with cancer is receiving chemotherapy with a known vesicant. The client's IV has been in place for 72 hours. The nurse determines that a new IV site cannot be obtained, and leaves the present IV in place. What is the greatest clinical risk related to this situation?
- A. Impaired skin integrity
- B. Fluid volume excess
- C. Acute pain and anxiety
- D. Peripheral neurovascular dysfunction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vesicants can cause severe tissue damage if they extravasate, leading to impaired skin integrity.
An older woman who experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has difficulty with visual perception and she only eats half of the food on her meal tray. Her family expresses concern about her nutritional status. How should the nurse respond to the family's concern?
- A. Encourage the family to offer to feed the client when she does not eat her entire meal.
- B. Suggest that the family bring foods from home that the client enjoys
- C. Explain that weight loss will be reversed after the acute phase of the stroke has ended.
- D. Demonstrate the use of visual scanning during meals to the client and family.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Visual scanning techniques help the client become aware of the entire meal tray, improving food intake and addressing the family's concerns.