Nokea
Corticosteroids are one of the main therapies for nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following COMMON side effects should the nurse watch for?
- A. Loss of appetite
- B. Increase in body hair
- C. Loss of weight
- D. Lowering of blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corticosteroids, commonly used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome, can cause various side effects. One of the common side effects of corticosteroids is a loss of appetite. Patients receiving corticosteroid therapy may experience a decreased desire to eat, leading to reduced food intake. Monitoring for changes in appetite is important as a decrease in food intake can impact overall nutrition and may affect the patient's response to treatment. It is essential for the nurse to watch for this side effect to address any potential nutritional concerns and collaborate with the healthcare team to optimize the patient's care.
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A patient presents with fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after returning from a trip to sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory tests reveal intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Plasmodium falciparum
- B. Trypanosoma cruzi
- C. Borrelia burgdorferi
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after returning from sub-Saharan Africa are consistent with malaria. Intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites observed on blood smear examination are characteristic of Plasmodium species, particularly Plasmodium falciparum, which is the most common and deadliest species causing malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Plasmodium falciparum can lead to severe complications, such as cerebral malaria, if not promptly treated. Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, not malaria. Borrelia burgdorferi is responsible for Lyme disease, which typically presents with a different set of symptoms like erythema migrans rash. Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis, not malaria.
A patient is prescribed an antipsychotic medication for the management of bipolar disorder. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antipsychotic medications can cause metabolic side effects, including hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). Patients with bipolar disorder who are prescribed antipsychotic medications are at risk for developing new-onset diabetes or exacerbating preexisting diabetes. Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential to detect hyperglycemia early and prevent complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis. While hypertension, hypotension, and hypernatremia are possible side effects of certain medications, they are not typically associated with antipsychotic medications commonly used in the management of bipolar disorder. Hyperglycemia is a serious concern in this population due to the risk of developing diabetes or worsening of existing diabetes.
In taking the patient's history from the mother, the nurse should ask the mother information related to the daughters' __________.
- A. Schooling
- B. Pregnancy
- C. Menarche
- D. Immunization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should ask the mother information related to their daughter's menarche. Menarche refers to the first occurrence of menstruation in a girl, which is an important milestone in her development. By inquiring about the daughter's menarche, the nurse can gather essential information about the daughter's reproductive health, growth, and development. This allows the nurse to assess whether the daughter's menstrual cycle is regular and if there are any concerns related to her reproductive health. Understanding the daughter's menarche history is vital in providing appropriate healthcare and support for her.
In the universal health law, which of the following are the government agencies that are considered as "key players" in its implementation?
- A. Family, DOH and Philhealth
- B. DOH, LGU and Philippine Health Insurance, Inc. (PhilHealth)
- C. Community, DOH, LGU
- D. Individual, DOH and LGU
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the universal health law, the government agencies that are considered as "key players" in its implementation are the Department of Health (DOH), Local Government Units (LGUs), and the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth).
Which clinical manifestation should Nurse Rachel watch for patient Claire if she is suffering from hyperthyroidism?
- A. Cold extremities
- B. Decreased bowel movement
- C. Fine motor tremor
- D. Increased weight
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces an excess amount of thyroid hormone. One of the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism is a fine motor tremor, which is characterized by hand tremors or shaky movements in the fingers. This tremor is often more noticeable when the individual is trying to perform delicate tasks requiring fine motor skills. It is important for Nurse Rachel to watch for this symptom in patient Claire as it can impact her ability to perform daily activities and may require intervention or management strategies to help alleviate the tremor and improve quality of life.